Textbook Question
Describe all the changes initiated by the parasympathetic nervous system that will take place when you finish the race. How will these changes maintain homeostasis?
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Ch. 14 The Autonomous Nervous System and Homeostasis
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life38
- Ch. 3 The Cell55
- Ch. 4 Histology47
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System30
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Tissue36
- Ch. 7 The Skeletal System40
- Ch. 8 Articulations19
- Ch. 9 The Muscular System36
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue and Physiology29
- Ch. 11 Introduction to the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue28
- Ch. 12 The Central Nervous System42
- Ch. 13 The Peripheral Nervous System41
- Ch. 14 The Autonomous Nervous System and Homeostasis31
- Ch. 15 The Special Senses39
- Ch. 16 The Endocrine System42
- Ch. 17 The Cardiovascular System I: The Heart30
- Ch. 18 The Cardiovascular System II: The Blood Vessels43
- Ch. 19 Blood32
- Ch. 20 The Lymphatic System and Immunity45
- Ch. 21 The Respiratory System27
- Ch. 22 The Digestive System27
- Ch. 23 Nutrition and Metabolism7
- Ch. 24 The Urinary System39
- Ch. 25 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Homeostasis39
- Ch. 26 The Reproductive System10
- Ch. 27 Development and Heredity5
Chapter 14, Problem 3
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse:
a. directly on target cells.
b. on skeletal muscle fibers.
c. on sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia.
d. on vagal ganglia.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system. These neurons originate in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord and are part of the sympathetic division, which is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.
Recall that preganglionic neurons do not directly innervate target cells. Instead, they synapse with postganglionic neurons, which then innervate the target cells or organs.
Identify the location where sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse. They typically synapse in ganglia, which are clusters of neuronal cell bodies located outside the central nervous system.
Differentiate between the types of ganglia in the sympathetic division. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse either in the sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral ganglia) or in collateral ganglia (prevertebral ganglia). These ganglia are strategically located to relay signals to various target organs.
Eliminate incorrect options based on anatomical knowledge: (a) is incorrect because preganglionic neurons do not directly synapse on target cells; (b) is incorrect because skeletal muscle fibers are controlled by the somatic nervous system, not the autonomic nervous system; (d) is incorrect because vagal ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division, not the sympathetic division.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Sympathetic Nervous System
The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response. It prepares the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs. Understanding its role is crucial for analyzing how sympathetic preganglionic neurons function.
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1:21
Sympathetic Nervous System Example 3
Preganglionic Neurons
Preganglionic neurons are the first neurons in the autonomic nervous system pathway, originating in the central nervous system and synapsing with postganglionic neurons in ganglia. In the sympathetic nervous system, these neurons typically synapse in the sympathetic chain or collateral ganglia, which is essential for understanding their role in transmitting signals to target organs.
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Guided course
04:20The Neuron
Ganglia
Ganglia are clusters of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. In the context of the sympathetic nervous system, they serve as relay points where preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons. This concept is vital for understanding the pathways through which sympathetic signals are transmitted to various target tissues.
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2:37Structure of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which cranial nerves would be affected by a drug that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system? Predict potential adverse effects that one might experience.
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Textbook Question
A patient, Dr. Young, has both asthma and high blood pressure. Her physician prescribed the drug propranolol to treat her hypertension; this drug blocks all types of β-adrenergic receptors. She also takes the drug albuterol for asthma, which activates β2 receptors on bronchial smooth muscle. Will the pairing of these two drugs cause problems for Dr. Young? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Mr. Chevalier has been diagnosed with Horner syndrome, which is caused by dysfunction of the sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion that innervate structures of the head, face, and neck. What symptoms is Mr. Chevalier likely to face due to his disease? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Common findings in heart failure are fluid retention by the kidneys and stimulation of the heart by the sympathetic nervous system. How would both of these findings help the body to compensate for the failing heart?
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Textbook Question
The drug neostigmine blocks the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. Predict the effects of this drug.
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