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Problem 20.10a
When naïve B cells are activated, they differentiate into:
a. plasma cells.
b. memory cells.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
Problem 20.1a
Your friend tests her snake-wrangling skills on an eastern diamondback rattlesnake, and is bitten and envenomated (injected with the snake's venom). In the emergency department, doctors administer the antivenin CroFab, which contains antibodies to the toxins in snake venom. Is this an example of active or passive immunity? Will this confer any lasting protection to your friend?
Problem 20.1b
Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.
b. You order blood work and find that the number of neutrophils in the blood is greatly elevated. What does this tell you about the likely type of pathogen involved? Explain.
Problem 20.11a
Match the following antibodies with the correct definition.
____IgD
____IgM
____IgG
____IgA
____IgE
a. Antibody found in secretions
b. Most common antibody; crosses the placenta
c. Antibody involved in allergies and parasitic infections
d. Pentamer and potent agglutinating agent
e. Antibody bound to the B cell plasma membrane
Problem 20.12a
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.
a. In the primary immune response, the lag phase lasts about 5 days, during which time B cells proliferate and differentiate.
Problem 20.12b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.
b. The secondary immune response is mediated by plasma cells.
Problem 20.12c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.
c. Subunit vaccines consist of pathogens that are alive but unable to cause disease.
Problem 20.12d
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct is to make a true statement.
d. Vaccinations are given to induce the production of the inflammatory response.
Problem 20.13a
Explain how active immunity and passive immunity differ.
Problem 20.14a
On which type(s) of cells are class I MHC molecules located?
a. Antigen-presenting cells only
b. B cells only
c. All nucleated body cells
d. Antigen-presenting cells and B cells
Problem 20.15a
Fill in the blanks: Class I MHC molecules display_____antigens and activate_____cells. Class II MHC molecules display _____antigens and activate_____cells.
Problem 20.16a
Which of the following is not a role of TH cells?
a. Stimulation of macrophages
b. Activation of naïve TC cells
c. Stimulation of naïve B cells
d. Stimulation of clonal selection
Problem 20.17b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The immune response to a viral infection involves NK cells and different kinds of lymphocytes.
Problem 20.17c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. Neutrophils are a critical component of the response to a parasitic infection.
Problem 20.17d
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. Cancer cells are destroyed by NK cells, TC cells, and macrophages.
Problem 20.17e
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
e. Dendritic cells may activate both TH and TC cells.
Problem 20.18a
Type I hypersensitivity is due to release of inflammatory mediators from_____, and type IV hypersensitivity is due to the actions of_____.
a. TH cells; macrophages
b. neutrophils; TH cells
c. B cells; TC cells
d. mast cells; TH cells
Problem 20.19a
Explain why a patient with AIDS due to HIV is at an increased risk of infection and of developing certain cancers.
Problem 20.20a
Which of the following conditions may lead to the development of autoimmunity?
a. Self antigens not previously encountered by T cells are released into the circulation.
b. Foreign antigens mimic self antigens.
c. Cells may inappropriately display class II MHC molecules.
d. Certain pathogens nonspecifically activate B cells.
e. All of the above are correct.
Problem 20.2a
Complement proteins are crucial for stimulating phagocytes to clear immune complexes. Predict what type of hypersensitivity disorder might result from complement deficiencies. Explain what other consequences might arise from a complement deficiency.
Problem 20.2b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. Lymph from the lower limbs drains into the right lymphatic duct.
Problem 20.2c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. Fat-containing lymph from the intestines drains into the cisterna chyli.
Problem 20.2e
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
e. Clusters of MALT located around the oral and nasal cavities are known as Peyer's patches.
Problem 20.3a
Fill in the blanks: The lymphoid organ that filters the blood is the ______, and the lymphoid organ that filters the lymph is the______.
Problem 20.3a
Terrence has severe asthma and allergies, and is placed on a medication that blocks the functioning of IgE. How would this medication alleviate his symptoms?
Problem 20.4a
Fill in the blanks: Nonspecific immunity is also known as_____. Specific immunity is also known as_____. Specific immunity has the capacity for immunological ______ .
Problem 20.4a
Mr. White developed neutropenia as a consequence of cancer chemotherapy, which destroyed much of his bone marrow. What other components of the immune system would be harmed by bone marrow destruction? Would you expect his hematocrit to be elevated or decreased? What effects would you expect to see from this change in hematocrit? (Connects to Chapter 19)
Problem 20.5a
Which of the following make up the body's first line of defense?
a. Surface barriers
b. Cells and proteins of adaptive immunity
c. Cells and proteins of innate immunity
d. All of the above
Problem 20.5a
The chemotherapeutic drugs Mr. White is taking affect all cells that undergo rapid mitosis, such as those of the skin. What effect would this have on the functions of the skin? How could this affect his immunity? (Connects to Chapter 5)
Problem 20.6a
Which of the following does not describe the relationship between the lymphatic and immune systems?
a. Lymphoid organs and tissues house cells of the immune system.
b. Lymphoid organs and tissues trap pathogens for the immune system.
c. Lymphoid organs activate cells of the immune system.
d. Lymphoid organs and tissues create the surface barriers of the immune system.
