Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The functional residual capacity is the volume of air normally left in the lungs after a tidal expiration.

Explain what would happen to the pressure inside a cylinder if you decreased its volume, according to Boyle's law.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The tidal volume is the amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The inspiratory capacity is equal to the vital capacity plus the tidal volume.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The vital capacity is the total amount of exchangeable air

Which of the following does not affect the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange?

a. The surface area of the respiratory membrane

b. The degree of match of ventilation to perfusion

c. The percent saturation of hemoglobin

d. The thickness of the respiratory membrane

Henry's law states that the degree to which a gas dissolves in a liquid is determined by its:

a. partial pressure.

b. solubility.

c. surface tension.

d. Both a and b are correct.

e. All of the above are correct.

Fill in the blanks: When the alveolar Po₂ decreases, the pulmonary arterioles_____. When the arteriolar Pco₂ increases, the bronchioles_______.

If you swallow a large bite of food without properly chewing it first, you will feel discomfort during ventilation. Explain this, considering the arrangement of the trachea and the esophagus.

What happens to the metabolic rate of skeletal muscle tissue during exercise? What waste products are produced from metabolic reactions? How and why does this affect your rate of ventilation during exercise?

You and a friend are having a contest to see who can hold his or her breath the longest. Your friend hyperventilates before holding his breath, and subsequently wins the contest. Why did hyperventilation give him an advantage?

Predict what would happen to the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume if the phrenic nerves were severed. Which muscles would contract to try to compensate for this?

Which of the following statements about pulmonary ventilation is false?

a. Normal expiration requires the use of the expiratory muscles to decrease lung volume.

b. The inspiratory muscles increase lung volume, which decreases intrapulmonary pressure.

c. For inspiration to occur, intrapulmonary pressure must decrease below atmospheric pressure.

d. The intrapleural pressure is less than the intrapulmonary pressure; this prevents the lungs from collapsing during expiration.

Match each term with the correct definition     

____Airway resistance     

____Surface tension     

____Surfactant     

____Pulmonary compliance     

____V/Q ratio

a. A detergent-like chemical secreted by bronchial smooth muscle that reduces surface tension

b. The matching of ventilation to perfusion

c. Largely determined by the diameter of the airways

d. Caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules

e. Determined by the surface tension of the alveoli, the elastic tissue of the lungs, and the condition of the chest wall