A birth defect called transposition of great vessels results in the pulmonary trunk emanating from the left ventricle and the aorta stemming from the right ventricle.

b.Considering your answer to part (a), predict the potential effects of this birth defect.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins always carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The pulmonary circuit delivers blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to become oxygenated.

Predict which would be more damaging to long-term survival: a blood clot lodged in the right coronary artery or one in the left coronary artery. Explain.

Match the following terms with the correct definition.      

____Auricle      

____Aorta      

____Coronary sinus       

____Papillary muscle      

____Fossa ovalis     

____Pectinate muscle      

____Venae cavae      

____Pulmonary trunk      

____Chordae tendineae      

____Pulmonary veins 

a. Drainage point for the coronary veins

b. Extensions that attach papillary muscles to valves

c. Remnant of a hole present in the fetal interatrial septum

d. Two largest veins of the systemic circuit

e. Flaplike extension from the right or left atrium

f. Finger-like projections of ventricular muscle

g. Main artery of the pulmonary circuit

h. Veins that drain the pulmonary circuit

i. Largest artery of the systemic circuit

j. Ridges of muscle in the atria

Fill in the blanks: The coronary arteries are the first branches off the____. The right coronary artery becomes the____on the posterior side of the heart. The left coronary artery branches into the_____and the_______.

Define each term:

a. Pressure gradient

b. Blood pressure

c. Blood flow

d. Resistance

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Arteries are the exchange vessels of the cardiovascular system.

Explain why a severed artery spurts blood, whereas a severed vein merely leaks blood.

You are babysitting two children who are having a contest to see who can hang upside-down for the longest time. At the end of the contest, both children feel dizzy and are worried they are sick. Explain to them why they feel this way and why the effect is only temporary. (Hint: Consider how the baroreceptor reflex responds when a person hangs upside-down.)

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The tunica intima is composed of a sheet of endothelium, connective tissue, and the internal elastic lamina.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The tunica media consists of smooth muscle cells innervated by vasomotor nerves.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Muscular arteries control blood flow at the tissue level.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. Veins have smaller lumens, more elastic fibers, and more smooth muscle than arteries.

Capillaries consist of:

a. three thin tunics.

b. only a thin tunica intima with a well-developed internal elastic lamina.

c. a thin sheet of endothelium with a basal lamina.

d. stratified epithelium.

List three ways in which substances can cross the capillary wall.

Which of the following structures is the 'leakiest'?

a. Continuous capillary

b. Sinusoidal capillary

c. Precapillary sphincter

d. Fenestrated capillary

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Arterioles reflexively dilate when blood pressure increases.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions and a decreased concentration of oxygen in the interstitial fluid cause local arteriolar constriction.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The increase in tissue perfusion in skeletal muscle that occurs during exercise is known as hyperemia.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. The sympathetic nervous system causes vasodilation in the skin when body temperature decreases.

The hydrostatic pressure gradient drives water_____capillaries, and the colloid osmotic pressure draws water____capillaries.

a. out of; out of

b. out of; into

c. into; out of

d. into; into

Match the following arteries with the correct description. 

____Radial artery      

____Celiac trun      

____Basilar artery       

____Superior mesenteric artery      

____Dorsalis pedis artery      

____Femoral artery      

____Internal iliac artery      

____Renal artery      

____Internal carotid artery      

____Subclavian artery

a. Supplies the small intestine and most of the large intestine 

b. Supplies the pelvis 

c. Supplies the upper limb 

d. Located in the lateral forearm 

e. Provides the blood supply to the lower limb 

f. Supplies the brain via the anterior and middle cerebral arteries 

g. Large single branch off the aorta that supplies the liver, stomach, duodenum, and spleen 

h. Supplies the foot and ankle i. Supplies the kidney 

j. Forms from the fusion of the two vertebral arteries 

Which of the following is not a common pulse point?

a. Femoral artery

b. Subclavian artery

c. Common carotid artery

d. Brachial artery

Which of the following vessels does not drain into the hepatic portal vein?

a. Splenic vein

b. Inferior mesenteric vein

c. Gastric vein

d. Renal vein

e. Superior mesenteric vein

Locations where vessels connect via collateral vessels are known as:

a. thoroughfare channels.

b. metarterioles.

c. anastomoses.

d. venules.

Match the following veins with the correct description.       

____Cephalic vein      

____Great saphenous vein      

____Dural sinus      

____Azygos vein      

____Hepatic portal vein      

____Splenic vein      

____Internal jugular vein      

____Brachiocephalic veins       

____Brachial vein      

____Inferior mesenteric vein

a. Drains the posterior abdominal and thoracic walls

b. Two veins merge to form the superior vena cava

c. Receives blood from the spleen and digestive organs

d. Superficial vein in the medial leg

e. Drains the brain and face

f. Drains part of the large intestine

g. Superficial vein in the lateral upper limb

h. Deep vein of the arm

i. Drains the spleen

j. Drain the brain capillaries and cerebrospinal fluid

Explain why a person who is 7 feet tall is likely to have higher blood pressure than a person whose height is 4 feet.

The carotid sinus contains:

a. baroreceptors.

b. chemoreceptors.

c. metabolic controls.

d. smooth muscle cells.

Collagen vascular diseases weaken the collagen in the tunica externa of blood vessels. Predict the effects of such a disease.