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Problem 1.141a
Serous fluid functions in:
a. providing temperature stability.
b. lubricating serous membranes as organs move in the cavity.
c. protecting the organs from mechanical trauma.
d. decreasing the weight of the organs and keeping them buoyant.
Problem 1.64a
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. Histology is the division of microscopic anatomy that studies the cellular level of organization.
Problem 3.4a
Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete hormones normally made by the pancreas, adrenal gland, and hypothalamus. What prevents such secretion from happening in healthy cells?
Problem 3.5a
Why do you think the rate of cell division is different for different tissues? Where in the body would you expect to find cells that have a rapid rate of division? Where might you find cells that have a slow rate of division? Explain.
Problem 4.1a
Explain how connective tissues differ from epithelial tissues in structure and function.
Problem 4.2a
State whether each of the following describes epithelial, connective, muscle, or nervous tissue.
a. ____ECM is often the primary element.
b. ____Consists of excitable cells that are specialized for contraction.
c. ____Sheets of tightly packed cells with little ECM.
d. ____Makes up the majority of the brain and spinal cord.
e. ____Cells may be smooth or striated.
f. ____Binds, connects, supports, and transports substances throughout the body.
Problem 4.3a
Describe the roles of each of the following components of the ECM:
a. Collagen fibers
Problem 4.3b
Describe the roles of each of the following components of the ECM:
b. Glycosaminoglycans
Problem 4.3c
Describe the roles of each of the following components of the ECM:
c. Reticular fibers
Problem 4.3d
Describe the roles of each of the following components of the ECM:
d. Proteoglycans
Problem 4.3e
Describe the roles of each of the following components of the ECM:
e. Glycoproteins (cell-adhesion molecules)
Problem 4.3f
Describe the roles of each of the following components of the ECM:
f. Elastic fibers
Problem 4.4a
Fill in the blanks: Tight junctions make the spaces between cells____, whereas desmosomes increase the____of a tissue.
Problem 4.4a
Imagine that a disease turns the simple epithelia of the lungs, kidney tubules, and intestines into keratinized stratified squamous epithelia. What effect would this change in form have on the functions of these tissues?
Problem 4.5a
Epithelial cells of the kidneys have pumps that drive the transcellular transport of sodium ions.
a. Is this epithelium likely to be simple or stratified? Why?
