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Problem 10.4c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.
c. Axons arise from the axon hillock.
Problem 11.1a
Which of the following statements about the general functions of the nervous system is false?
a. The three primary functions of the nervous system include sensory, integrative, and motor functions.
b. The integrative functions of the nervous system are its processing functions.
c. Sensory stimuli are transmitted on sensory efferent fibers to a sensory receptor.
d. Motor functions are carried out by fibers that carry signals to an effector.
Problem 11.3a
Why must a cell body be intact for an axon to regenerate? (Hint: What structure is housed only in the cell body, and what are its functions?)
Problem 11.4a
Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.
a. Aggregates of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes form dark-staining Nissl bodies within the cell body.
Problem 11.4b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.
b. The axon contains a high density of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
Problem 11.4d
Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.
d. Substances can move toward or away from the cell body through the axon via fast axonal transport.
Problem 11.5a
An axon is best defined as a process that:
a. transmits signals only toward the cell body.
b. can generate action potentials.
c. transmits signals only away from the cell body.
d. cannot generate action potentials
Problem 11.6a
Fill in the blanks: The myelinated segment of an axon that is covered by a glial cell is called a/an_______ ; the gaps between glial cells where _____the axolemma is exposed are called .
Problem 12.1a
Huntington's disease is characterized by a loss of normal inhibition mediated by the basal nuclei. Predict the symptoms you are likely to see with this disease.
Problem 12.1a
Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department with injuries to the posterior of her head resulting from a motor vehicle accident. Which lobes of the cerebrum likely sustained injuries? Predict the main signs and symptoms you will see resulting from the injury to these cerebral lobes.
Problem 12.11a
Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The spinal cord functions as a relay and processing station.
Problem 12.11d
Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. The posterior horn of spinal gray matter contains the cell bodies of motor neurons.
Problem 12.17a
Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra enhance the actions of the caudate nucleus and putamen.
Problem 12.17b
Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The cerebellum monitors the initiation of movement but does not monitor ongoing movements.
Problem 12.17c
Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. The basal nuclei inhibit inappropriate movements and are required for the initiation of movement.
Problem 12.17d
Mark the following statements on the role of the brain in movement as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. The correction of motor error by the cerebellum can occur over the long term by motor learning.
Problem 12.19a
Fill in the blanks: The two components of the CNS that are responsible for maintenance of homeostasis are the_____and the______.
Problem 12.2a
Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. Humans use only 10% of their brains.
Problem 12.20a
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is often called the body's 'master clock.'
b. Melatonin and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus increase the activity of the reticular formation.
c. A decrease in the activity of the reticular formation disconnects the thalamus from the cerebral cortex and decreases the level of consciousness.
d. Orexins are neurotransmitters that stimulate the reticular formation.
Problem 12.2a
How could you tell the difference between an injury that damaged the cerebellum and one that damaged the basal nuclei?
Problem 12.2b
Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The four main components of the brain are the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.
Problem 12.2c
Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. The right and left lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles in the brain and are located in the diencephalon.
Problem 12.2d
Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. The cerebrum is responsible for our basic, involuntary functions and reflexes.
Problem 12.21a
Match the term on the left with its correct description from the column on the right.
____REM sleep
____Stage I sleep
____Delta waves
____Beta waves
____Theta waves
____Stage IV sleep
a. The EEG pattern seen in the deepest stage of sleep
b. The deepest stage of sleep
c. The EEG pattern seen in an alert, awake adult
d. Drowsiness or the lightest stage of sleep
e. The EEG pattern seen in lighter stages of sleep
f. The stage of sleep during which most dreaming takes place
Problem 12.22a
The part of the brain responsible for the production of language is known as:
a. Wernicke's area.
b. the prefrontal cortex.
c. the auditory association area.
d. Broca's area.
Problem 12.23a
Fill in the blanks: Declarative memories are formed by the process of _____ that takes place in the_____, and are stored in the_____.
Problem 12.24a
Which of the following is not a component of emotion?
a. Visceral motor responses mediated by the hypothalamus
b. Somatic motor responses mediated by the limbic system and the hypothalamus
c. Somatic motor responses mediated by the upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tracts
d. Subjective feelings mediated by the amygdala and the cerebral cortex
Problem 12.3a
Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with the formation of new declarative memories but do not impact memories already encoded in long-term memory? Why do such injuries not affect the formation of nondeclarative memories?
Problem 12.3a
In a diving accident, Arlene damages the left side of her upper thoracic spinal cord. On which side of the body will she lose: muscle control, tactile sensation, and pain sensation? Explain.
Problem 12.4a
Which statement about cerebral white matter is false?
a. Commissural fibers connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
b. Projection fibers connect the cerebral cortex of one hemisphere with structures in the other hemisphere.
c. The corpus callosum is the largest bundle of white matter in the brain.
d. Association fibers connect the gyri of the cerebral cortex with one another.
