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Problem 8.10a
Normally a commensal in the human intestine, this bacterium became pathogenic after acquiring a toxin gene from a Shigella bacterium.
Problem 8.1a
Match the following terms to the definitions in questions 1 and 2.
a. conjugation
b. transcription
c. transduction
d. transformation
e. translation
Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell by a bacteriophage.
Problem 8.10a
Which of the following is not a method of horizontal gene transfer?
a. binary fission
b. conjugation
c. integration of a transposon
d. transduction
e. transformation
Problem 8.2a
Match the following terms to the definitions in questions 1 and 2.
a. conjugation
b. transcription
c. transduction
d. transformation
e. translation
Transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient as naked DNA in solution.
Problem 8.4a
Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all of the following except
a. mutation.
b. insertion of transposons.
c. conjugation.
d. snRNPs.
e. transformation.
Problem 8.6a
Identify when (before transcription, after transcription but before translation, after translation) each of the following regulatory mechanisms functions.
a. ATP combines with an enzyme, altering its shape.
b. A short RNA is synthesized that is complementary to mRNA.
c. Methylation of DNA occurs.
d. An inducer combines with a repressor.
Problem 8.6a
Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids
a. become inserted into chromosomes.
b. are self-replicated outside the chromosome.
c. move from chromosome to chromosome.
d. carry genes for antibiotic resistance.
e. none of the above
Problem 8.7a
Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8:
a. catabolite repression
b. DNA polymerase
c. induction
d. repression
e. translation
Mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon.
Problem 8.8a
You are provided with cultures with the following characteristics:
Culture 1: F^+, genotype A^+B^+C^+
Culture 2: F ̄, genotype A ̄B ̄C ̄
a. Indicate the possible genotypes of a recombinant cell resulting from the conjugation of cultures 1 and 2.
b. Indicate the possible genotypes of a recombinant cell resulting from conjugation of the two cultures after the F^+ has become an Hfr cell.
Problem 8.8a
Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8:
a. catabolite repression
b. DNA polymerase
c. induction
d. repression
e. translatio
The mechanism by which lactose controls the lac operon.
Problem 8.9a
Why are mutation and recombination important in the process of natural selection and the evolution of organisms?
Problem 8.9a
Two offspring cells are most likely to inherit which one of the following from the parent cell?
a. a change in a nucleotide in mRNA
b. a change in a nucleotide in tRNA
c. a change in a nucleotide in rRNA
d. a change in a nucleotide in DNA
e. a change in a protein
Problem 9.1a
Compare and contrast the following terms:
a. cDNA and gene
b. DNA probe and gene
c. DNA polymerase and DNA ligase
d. rDNA and cDNA
e. genome and proteome
Problem 9.1a
Restriction enzymes were first discovered with the observation that
a. DNA is restricted to the nucleus.
b. bacteriophage DNA is destroyed in a host cell.
c. foreign DNA is kept out of a cell.
d. foreign DNA is restricted to the cytoplasm.
e. all of the above
Problem 9.10a
Match the following choices to the statements in questions 7 through 10.
a. antisense
b. clone
c. library
d. Southern blot
e. vector
DNA that hybridizes with mRNA.
Problem 9.2a
Differentiate the following terms. Which one is “hit and miss”—that is, does not add a specific gene to a cell?
a. protoplast fusion
b. gene gun
c. microinjection
d. electroporation
Problem 9.2a
The DNA probe, 3'-GGCTTA, will hybridize with which of the following?
a. 5'-CCGUUA
b. 5'-CCGAAT
c. 5'-GGCTTA
d. 3'-CCGAAT
e. 3'-GGCAAU
Problem 9.3a
Some commonly used restriction enzymes are listed in Table 9.1.
a. Indicate which enzymes produce sticky ends.
b. Of what value are sticky ends in making rDNA?
Problem 9.3a
Which of the following is the fourth basic step to genetically modify a cell?
a. transformation
b. ligation
c. plasmid cleavage
d. restriction-enzyme digestion of gene
e. isolation of gene
Problem 9.4a
The following enzymes are used to make cDNA. What is the second enzyme used to make cDNA?
a. reverse transcriptase
b. ribozyme
c. RNA polymerase
d. DNA polymerase
Problem 9.5a
DRAW IT Identify and mark each of the following in making cDNA: transcription, RNA processing, reverse transcription, DNA polymerase, cDNA.
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Problem 9.5a
If you put a gene in a virus, the next step in genetic modification would be
a. insertion of a plasmid.
b. transformation.
c. transduction.
d. PCR.
e. Southern blotting.
Problem 9.6a
Describe an rDNA experiment in two or three sentences. Use the following terms: intron, exon, DNA, mRNA, cDNA, RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase.
Problem 9.8a
You are attempting to insert a gene for saltwater tolerance into a plant by using the Ti plasmid. In addition to the desired gene, you add a gene for tetracycline resistance (tet) to the plasmid. What is the purpose of the tet gene?
Problem 9.9a
How does RNAi “silence” a gene?
