Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all of the following except
a. mutation.
b. insertion of transposons.
c. conjugation.
d. snRNPs.
e. transformation.

Question

Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all of the following except

a. mutation.

b. insertion of transposons.

c. conjugation.

d. snRNPs.

e. transformation.

Accepted Answer

Hi everyone. And welcome back. The next question says which of the following is not mentioned as a mechanism for the transfer of resistance genes between bacteria. A mutation. B, conjugation, C transformation D transduction or e mobile genetic elements. So among these, we want to think of what is something that does not allow transfer genetic material between different bacterial cells. And that would be choice. A mutation mutation of course, is a change to the gene sequence of an organism. Or I should say a change to the DNA sequence of an organism, but it's not from another cell. So it's a change to that DNA sequence itself due to something like spontaneous mutation or exposure to a mutagen. But it's not DNA being imported from somewhere else. Everything else of course is a mechanism for the transfer of resistance genes. So we'll just briefly touch base on each of these choice. B conjugation DNA being transferred through a physical connection between two bacteria cells by means of pili to see transformation in which DNA to the, in the exterior of the cell and the environment of the cell is taken up into the cell. So that DNA came from somewhere originally. So it's not a direct transfer from another cell, but it was originally from a different cell. It's now in the environment surrounding the bacterial cell and is taken up into it and then is incorporated into the bacterial cells. DNA. This is so called naked DNA. So just nucleic acids themselves, no or nucleic acid polymers themselves, no virus transmitter or anything like that. The choice d transduction would be DNA transfer between bacteria by means of bacteria, phage. So by means of a viral vector and then finally, choice e mobile genetic elements. These are things like plasmids and transposon. So these are DNA segments that can move within or between genomes independently of chromosomal DNA. And these are the DNA segments themselves that get transferred by conjugation by transduction or by transformation. So they get transferred by those methods listed in our previous answer choices. But again, all of these B CD and E are mechanisms to transfer things like resistance genes between bacteria. The only one that doesn't involve genetic information being shared from another cell is choice a mutation. See you in the next video.

Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all of the following except
a. mutation.
b. insertion of transposons.
c. conjugation.
d. snRNPs.
e. transformation.

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

Horizontal Gene Transfer

snRNPs (Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins)

Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all of the following excepta. mutation.b. insertion of transposons.c. conjugation.d. snRNPs.e. transformation.

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

Horizontal Gene Transfer

snRNPs (Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins)

Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance by all of the following except
a. mutation.
b. insertion of transposons.
c. conjugation.
d. snRNPs.
e. transformation.