Plasmids differ from transposons in that plasmids
a. become inserted into chromosomes.
b. are self-replicated outside the chromosome.
c. move from chromosome to chromosome.
d. carry genes for antibiotic resistance.
e. none of the above

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definitions: Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that exist independently of chromosomal DNA in bacteria. Transposons, also known as 'jumping genes', are DNA sequences that can change their position within the genome.
2. Identify the key characteristics of plasmids: They are capable of self-replication and often carry genes that can be beneficial to the host organism, such as antibiotic resistance genes.
3. Consider the options: (a) Plasmids do not typically integrate into chromosomes, unlike transposons. (b) Plasmids replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA. (c) Transposons are known for moving from one location to another within the genome, not plasmids. (d) While plasmids can carry antibiotic resistance genes, this is not a distinguishing feature from transposons.
4. Evaluate the options: Option (b) highlights the self-replicating nature of plasmids outside the chromosome, which is a key difference from transposons.
5. Conclude by selecting the option that best describes how plasmids differ from transposons, focusing on their ability to replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.

Key Concepts

Plasmids

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that exist independently of chromosomal DNA in bacteria. They can replicate autonomously and often carry genes that provide advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance. Unlike chromosomal DNA, plasmids can be transferred between bacteria through processes like conjugation, enhancing genetic diversity.

Transposons

Transposons, or 'jumping genes,' are segments of DNA that can move from one location to another within a genome. They can insert themselves into chromosomal DNA or plasmids, potentially disrupting genes and altering genetic function. Transposons play a significant role in genetic variation and evolution by facilitating the transfer of genetic material.

Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of antibiotics that would normally inhibit or kill them. This resistance can be conferred by genes carried on plasmids, allowing bacteria to adapt quickly to antibiotic treatments. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance is crucial for developing effective therapies and managing bacterial infections.