Ch. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses
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Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn 7th EditionCh. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses
Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn 7th EditionCh. 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses- All of the following are considered innate body defenses except a. complement, b. phagocytosis, c. antibodies, d. lysozyme, e. inflammation.
Problem 1
- The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls in response to inflammatory signals is called a. diapedesis, b. chemotaxis, c. margination, d. opsonization.
Problem 2
- Antibodies released by plasma cells are involved in a. humoral immunity, b. immediate hypersensitivity reactions, c. autoimmune disorders, d. all of the above.
Problem 3
- Which antibody class is abundant in body secretions? a. IgA, b. IgD, c. IgE, d. IgG, e. IgM.
Problem 4
- Small molecules that must combine with large proteins to become immunogenic are called a. complete antigens, b. kinins, c. antigenic determinants, d. haptens.
Problem 5
- Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow are a. T lymphocytes, b. B lymphocytes, c. NK cells, d. B and T lymphocytes.
Problem 6
- Cells that can directly attack target cells include all of the following except a. macrophages, b. cytotoxic T cells, c. helper T cells, d. natural killer cells.
Problem 7
- Which of the following is not involved in the activation of a B cell? a. antigen, b. helper T cell, c. cytokine, d. cytotoxic T cell.
Problem 8
- Complement activation promotes all of the following except a. cell lysis, b. inflammation, c. opsonization, d. interferon release, e. chemotaxis of neutrophils and other cells.
Problem 9
- a. What is a transfusion reaction and why does it happen? b. What are its possible consequences?
Problem 12
- Name the five antibody classes and describe where each is most likely to be found in the body.
Problem 12
- Besides acting as mechanical barriers, the skin epidermis and mucosae of the body have other attributes that contribute to their protective roles. Cite the common body locations and the importance of mucus, lysozyme, keratin, acid pH, and cilia.
Problem 13
- What is complement? How does it cause bacterial lysis? What are some of the other roles of complement?
Problem 14
- Interferons are referred to as antiviral proteins. What stimulates their production, and how do they protect uninfected cells? Which cells of the body secrete interferons?
Problem 15
- Define immunocompetence and self-tolerance. How is self-tolerance achieved?
Problem 16
- Differentiate between a primary and a secondary immune response. Which is more rapid and why?
Problem 17
- Define antibody. Using an appropriately labeled diagram, describe the structure of an antibody monomer. Indicate and label variable and constant regions, heavy and light chains.
Problem 18
- How do antibodies help defend the body?
Problem 19
- Describe the specific roles of helper, regulatory, and cytotoxic T cells in normal cellular immunity.
Problem 20
- Name several cytokines and describe their role in the immune response.
Problem 21
- Differentiate between humoral and cellular adaptive immunity.
Problem 23
- Although the adaptive immune system has two arms, it has been said, 'no T cells, no immunity.' Explain.
Problem 24
- Capillary permeability increases and plasma proteins leak into the interstitial fluid as part of the inflammatory process. Why is this desirable?
Problem 26