Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Helper T Cells
Helper T cells, also known as CD4+ T cells, play a crucial role in the immune response by activating and directing other immune cells. They release cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and enhance the activity of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages. This coordination is essential for a robust and effective immune response against pathogens.
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Regulatory T Cells
Regulatory T cells, or Tregs, are vital for maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune responses. They help modulate the immune system by suppressing excessive immune reactions and ensuring that the immune response is appropriately controlled. This balance is crucial for protecting the body from both infections and self-damage.
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Cytotoxic T Cells
Cytotoxic T cells, also known as CD8+ T cells, are responsible for directly killing infected or cancerous cells. They recognize specific antigens presented by infected cells and release perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis in these target cells. Their action is essential for eliminating intracellular pathogens and maintaining cellular integrity.
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