Ch. 17 Blood
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Problem 1
The blood volume in an adult averages approximately a. 1 L, b. 3 L, c. 5 L, d. 7 L.Problem 2
The hormonal stimulus that prompts red blood cell formation is a. serotonin, b. heparin, c. erythropoietin, d. thrombopoietin.Problem 2
Total peripheral resistance a. is inversely proportional to the length of the vascular bed, b. increases in anemia, c. decreases in polycythemia, d. is inversely related to the diameter of the arterioles.Problem 3
All of the following are true of RBCs except a. biconcave disc shape, b. life span of approximately 120 days, c. contain hemoglobin, d. contain nuclei.Problem 4
The most numerous WBC is the a. eosinophil, b. neutrophil, c. monocyte, d. lymphocyte.Problem 5
Blood proteins play an important part in a. blood clotting, b. immunity, c. maintenance of blood volume, d. all of the above.Problem 6
The white blood cell that releases histamine and other inflammatory chemicals is the a. basophil, b. neutrophil, c. monocyte, d. eosinophil.Problem 7
The blood cell that can become an antibody-secreting cell is the a. lymphocyte, b. megakaryocyte, c. neutrophil, d. basophil.Problem 8
Which of the following does not promote multiple steps in the clotting pathway? a. platelet phospholipids, b. factor XI, c. thrombin, d. Ca²⁺.Problem 9
The normal pH of the blood is about a. 8.4, b. 7.8, c. 7.4, d. 4.7.Problem 10
Suppose your blood is AB positive. This means that a. agglutinogens A and B are present on your red blood cells, b. there are no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in your plasma, c. your blood is Rh⁺ d. all of the above.Problem 11
a. List the three major categories of formed elements. b. Which is least numerous? c. Which comprise(s) the buffy coat in a hematocrit tube?Problem 13
If you had a high hematocrit, would you expect your hemoglobin determination to be low or high? Why?Problem 14
a. Describe the process of erythropoiesis. b. What name is given to the immature cell type released to the circulation? c. How does it differ from a mature erythrocyte?Problem 15
Besides the ability to move by amoeboid motion, what other physiological attributes contribute to the function of white blood cells in the body?Problem 16
a. If you had a severe infection, would you expect your WBC count to be closest to 5000, 10,000, or 15,000/μl? b. What is this condition called?Problem 17
a. Describe the appearance of platelets and state their major function. b. Why should platelets not be called 'cells'?Problem 18
a. Define fibrinolysis. b. What is the importance of this process?Problem 19
a. How is clot overgrowth usually prevented? b. List two conditions that may lead to unnecessary (and undesirable) clot formation.Problem 20
How can poor nutrition lead to anemia?Problem 21
Alan Forsythe, a middle-aged college professor from Boston, is in the Swiss Alps studying astronomy during his sabbatical leave. He has been there for two days and plans to stay the entire year. However, he notices that he is short of breath when he walks up steps and tires easily with any physical activity. His symptoms gradually disappear, and he feels fine after less than a month. Upon returning to the United States, he has a complete physical exam and is told that his erythrocyte count is higher than normal. a. Attempt to explain this finding. b. Will his RBC count remain at this higher-than-normal level? Why or why not?Problem 22
Discuss hemoglobin relative to its chemical structure, its function, and the color changes it undergoes during loading and unloading of oxygen.Problem 23
a. Define hemostasis. b. List the three major phases of coagulation. Explain what initiates each phase and what the phase accomplishes. c. In what general way do the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of clotting differ? d. Which ion is essential to virtually all stages of coagulation?Problem 24
Cancer patients being treated with chemotherapeutic drugs designed to destroy rapidly dividing cells are monitored closely for changes in their red and white blood counts. Why so?Problem 27
Mr. Chu has been scheduled for surgery to have his arthritic hip replaced. His surgeon tells him he must switch from aspirin to acetaminophen for pain control before his surgery. Why?
