All of the following are considered innate body defenses except
a. complement,
b. phagocytosis,
c. antibodies,
d. lysozyme,
e. inflammation.
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1
Understand the concept of innate body defenses: These are the body's natural defenses that are present from birth and do not require previous exposure to a pathogen to be activated.
Review the options provided: a. complement, b. phagocytosis, c. antibodies, d. lysozyme, e. inflammation.
Identify which options are part of the innate immune system: Complement, phagocytosis, lysozyme, and inflammation are all innate defenses.
Recognize that antibodies are part of the adaptive immune system, which is acquired and specific to particular pathogens.
Conclude that the correct answer is the option that does not belong to the innate immune system.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Innate Immunity
Innate immunity refers to the body's first line of defense against pathogens, which is present from birth. It includes physical barriers like skin, as well as immune responses that are non-specific, such as inflammation and phagocytosis. This type of immunity acts quickly and does not require prior exposure to a pathogen.
Adaptive immunity is a more specialized immune response that develops over time and is characterized by the ability to remember specific pathogens. It involves the production of antibodies by B cells and the activation of T cells, which target specific antigens. Unlike innate immunity, adaptive immunity is not present at birth and requires prior exposure to an antigen to be effective.
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells in response to specific antigens. They play a crucial role in adaptive immunity by binding to pathogens and neutralizing them or marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Unlike the other options listed in the question, antibodies are not considered part of the innate immune system, as they are specifically generated in response to infections.