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Ch. 16 The Endocrine System
Amerman - Human Anatomy & Physiology 2nd Edition
Amerman2nd EditionHuman Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136873822Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksAmerman 2nd EditionCh. 16 The Endocrine SystemProblem 21a
Chapter 16, Problem 21a

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Both ADH and aldosterone increase the amount of water in the body and decrease the solute concentration of the blood.

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Understand the roles of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and aldosterone in regulating water and solute balance in the body. ADH primarily increases water reabsorption in the kidneys by making the collecting ducts more permeable to water, while aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, which indirectly leads to water retention.
Step 2: Analyze the statement provided. It claims that both ADH and aldosterone increase the amount of water in the body and decrease the solute concentration of the blood. Consider whether this aligns with their physiological functions.
Step 3: Evaluate the effect of ADH. ADH increases water reabsorption, which can dilute the solute concentration of the blood, making this part of the statement true.
Step 4: Evaluate the effect of aldosterone. Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, which can lead to water retention due to osmotic gradients. However, it does not directly decrease the solute concentration of the blood; instead, it may maintain or increase solute concentration depending on the body's needs.
Step 5: Correct the statement if necessary. If the statement is false, rewrite it to accurately reflect the roles of ADH and aldosterone. For example: 'ADH increases the amount of water in the body and decreases the solute concentration of the blood, while aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, which indirectly leads to water retention but does not directly decrease solute concentration.'

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

ADH, also known as vasopressin, is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys. When ADH levels are high, more water is reabsorbed, leading to concentrated urine and decreased blood solute concentration.
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Aldosterone

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body. It promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, which indirectly leads to water retention due to osmosis. While aldosterone helps maintain blood volume and pressure, it does not directly decrease blood solute concentration like ADH does.
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Solute Concentration

Solute concentration refers to the amount of solute (such as salts, sugars, or other molecules) present in a given volume of solvent, typically water. In the context of body fluids, a decrease in solute concentration indicates a dilution effect, often resulting from increased water retention. Understanding how hormones like ADH and aldosterone affect solute concentration is essential for grasping fluid balance in the body.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Match the following hormones with their correct descriptions. 

Leptin      

Atrial natriuretic peptide      

Melatonin      

Estrogens      

Erythropoietin      

Testosterone

a. Produced by the pineal gland; regulates the sleep/wake cycle

b. Produced by the kidneys; regulates red blood cell production

c. Produced by the heart; promotes sodium ion loss in the kidneys and vasodilation

d. Produced by the testes; promotes androgenic and anabolic actions

e. Produced by adipose tissue; promotes satiety

f. Produced by the ovaries; regulate the menstrual cycle and the development of secondary sex characteristics

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Textbook Question

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by______, and type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by_____.

a. hypoglycemia; destruction of the pancreatic β cells

b. destruction of the pancreatic β cells; destruction of the pancreatic α cells

c. insulin resistance; destruction of the pancreatic β cells

d. destruction of the pancreatic β cells; insulin resistance

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Thyroid hormones and insulin maintain blood glucose concentration during fasting.

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Textbook Question

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Insulin secretion rises during feeding; growth hormone and glucagon are secreted during feeding if protein is present in the meal.

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Textbook Question

Explain how insulin and glucagon are antagonists.

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