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Problem 1
Describe the difference between a Lewis structure and a condensed structure in terms of atoms and bonds shown in the structures.
Problem 3
Explain why it is not possible to draw a skeletal structure for methane.
Problem 4.11b
Use Tables 4.1 and 4.2 to help you answer these practice problems.
Name the straight-chain alkanes or cycloalkanes whose structure or formula is shown:
(b) C₆H₁₂
Problem 4.12b
Use Tables 4.1 and 4.2 to help you answer these practice problems.
Name the straight-chain alkanes or cycloalkanes whose structure or formula is shown:
(b) <IMAGE>
Problem 4.13b
Write the condensed structure for the straight-chain alkanes shown:
(b) methane
Problem 4.14c
Write the condensed structure for the straight-chain alkanes shown:
(c) hexane
Problem 4.23b
Draw the condensed structural formula for each of the following alkyl groups: (b) methyl
Problem 4.25a
Draw the skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:
(a) 2,3-dimethylpentane
Problem 4.26a
Draw the skeletal structure for each of the following compounds:
(a) 3-ethylhexane
Problem 4.27a
Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:
(a) <IMAGE>
Problem 4.27c
Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:
(c) <IMAGE>
Problem 4.29
What is the difference between a conformational isomer of a compound and a structural isomer of the same compound?
Problem 4.31b
Determine the relationship between each of the pairs of the following compounds. Are they structural isomers (different molecules), conformational isomers (the same molecule), or not related?
(b) <IMAGE> and <IMAGE>
Problem 4.32a
Determine the relationship between each of the pairs of the following compounds. Are they structural isomers (different molecules), conformational isomers (the same molecule), or not related?
(a) <IMAGE> and <IMAGE>
Problem 4.32d
Determine the relationship between each of the pairs of the following compounds. Are they structural isomers (different molecules), conformational isomers (the same molecule), or not related?
(d) <IMAGE> and <IMAGE>
Problem 4.33b
Determine if each of the following cycloalkanes or alkenes can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. For those that can, draw the two isomers. Label each of the isomers you drew as the cis stereoisomer or the trans stereoisomer.
(b) CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH=CH₂
Problem 4.35a
Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):
(a) <IMAGE>
Problem 4.35d
Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):
(d) <IMAGE>
Ritalin®
Problem 4.36b
ALLIED Health Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):
(b) <IMAGE>
Pantothenic Acid, a B vitamin
Problem 4.43c
Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, and skeletal structures are used to represent the structure of an organic compound. Each of the following compounds is shown in one of these representations. Convert each compound into the other two structural representations not shown.
(c) <IMAGE>
Problem 4.45
Alkanes are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Explain the meaning of the term hydrocarbon. Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?
Problem 4.47a
Give the skeletal structure and name of the straight-chain alkanes whose molecular formula is shown.
(a) C₃H₈
Problem 4.48b
Give the skeletal structure and name of the straight-chain alkanes whose molecular formula is shown.
(b) C₁₀H₂₂
Problem 4.49a
Give the structure and name of the cycloalkanes described.
(a) A compound whose molecular formula is C₆H₁₂ and contains a five-membered ring
Problem 4.50a
Give the structure and name of the cycloalkanes described.
(a) A compound whose molecular formula is C₇H₁₄ and contains a six-membered ring
Problem 4.52
Draw the condensed structural formula and skeletal structure of the saturated fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms. What is the name of this fatty acid?
Problem 4.56
Name the four functional groups circled in the following molecule:
<IMAGE>
Amoxicillin, an antibiotic
Problem 4.71a
For each of the following compounds, indicate whether or not it can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. If it can exist as the two isomers, draw both as a condensed structure.
(a) H₂C=CHCH₂CH₃
Problem 4.71d
For each of the following compounds, indicate whether or not it can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. If it can exist as the two isomers, draw both as a condensed structure.
(d) <IMAGE>
Problem 4.72c
For each of the following compounds, indicate whether or not it can exist as cis–trans stereoisomers. If it can exist as the two isomers, draw both as a condensed structure.
(c) <IMAGE>
