Give the correct IUPAC name for each of the following compounds:


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Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the longest carbon chain in the compound. This will determine the base name of the compound.
2. Number the carbon atoms in the longest chain starting from the end nearest to the first substituent encountered.
3. Identify and name the substituents attached to the main carbon chain. Use prefixes like 'methyl-', 'ethyl-', etc., based on the number of carbon atoms in the substituent.
4. Assign a number to each substituent based on its position on the main chain, ensuring the lowest possible numbers for the substituents.
5. Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the compound, arranging them alphabetically and using hyphens to separate numbers from words.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming chemical compounds established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It provides a set of rules to create unique names for organic and inorganic compounds, ensuring that each name conveys specific information about the structure and composition of the molecule. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating about chemical substances.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for naming compounds, as they often dictate the suffix or prefix used in the IUPAC name, such as -ol for alcohols or -oic acid for carboxylic acids.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula have different structural arrangements of atoms. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Understanding structural isomerism is important in IUPAC naming, as different isomers may require distinct names to reflect their unique structures, which can affect how they are represented in chemical formulas.