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Ch.4 Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter 1, Problem 4.43c

Lewis structures, condensed structural formulas, and skeletal structures are used to represent the structure of an organic compound. Each of the following compounds is shown in one of these representations. Convert each compound into the other two structural representations not shown.


(c) <IMAGE>

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1
Identify the type of representation given in the image (Lewis structure, condensed structural formula, or skeletal structure).
If the given structure is a Lewis structure, identify all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs. Then, convert it to a condensed structural formula by writing the atoms in sequence, grouping them by connectivity, and indicating multiple bonds or branches with parentheses.
If the given structure is a condensed structural formula, expand it to a Lewis structure by drawing all atoms, bonds, and lone pairs explicitly, ensuring that each atom satisfies its typical valency (e.g., carbon forms four bonds).
If the given structure is a skeletal structure, identify the carbon skeleton and any functional groups. Convert it to a condensed structural formula by writing the carbon atoms and attached hydrogens in sequence, and indicate any functional groups or branches.
Finally, convert the skeletal structure to a Lewis structure by drawing all atoms and bonds explicitly, ensuring that each atom satisfies its typical valency, and include any lone pairs on heteroatoms.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They use dots to depict valence electrons and lines to indicate covalent bonds. This representation helps in visualizing the arrangement of atoms and understanding molecular geometry, reactivity, and polarity.
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Condensed Structural Formulas

Condensed structural formulas provide a simplified way to represent the structure of a molecule by showing the connectivity of atoms without depicting all the bonds explicitly. In this format, groups of atoms are often grouped together, making it easier to read and understand the overall structure, especially for larger organic compounds.
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Skeletal Structures

Skeletal structures, also known as line-angle formulas, are a shorthand way of representing organic molecules. In this representation, carbon atoms are implied at the ends of lines and at intersections, while hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are usually omitted for simplicity. This method is particularly useful for illustrating complex organic molecules in a clear and concise manner.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):


(a) <IMAGE> 

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Textbook Question

Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):


(d) <IMAGE>                                                                                                                                                                     

   Ritalin®

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Textbook Question

ALLIED Health Mark the chiral centers in the following molecules, if any, with an asterisk (*):


(b) <IMAGE>                                                                                                                                                                   

 Pantothenic Acid, a B vitamin

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Textbook Question

Alkanes are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Explain the meaning of the term hydrocarbon. Why are alkanes called saturated hydrocarbons?

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Textbook Question

Give the skeletal structure and name of the straight-chain alkanes whose molecular formula is shown.


(a) C₃H₈

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Textbook Question

Give the skeletal structure and name of the straight-chain alkanes whose molecular formula is shown.


(b) C₁₀H₂₂

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