Types of RNA - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Types of RNA Concept 1
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Now, when it comes to RN A, just remember that RN A itself is shorter and it's single stranded when compared to DNA strands. Remember DNA has so many genes, so many nucleotides. And when it comes to RN A, we're only taking a small portion of this genetic information. And because of that RN A is shorter. Now, even though it's shorter and it's single stranded, it can have complex shapes. Now, here, let's talk about the different types of RN A. And here we're gonna talk about the first two. We're gonna say that in total, there are three types of RN A to differ in their size and their functions. But here we're gonna pay attention to the first two. The first one is called messenger RN A which is MRN A. It acts as a men messenger carrying DNA encoded information and is translated to protein. Now, here we're gonna say it contains codons which are three nucleotides that correspond to a specific amino acid. And we're gonna say that they are formed in the nucleus and transported to the ribosomes. Remember, these are special organelles within a given cell. Now, next, we have our ribosome RN A. But before we do that here, we have our messenger RN A which is MRN A. We have our DNA strand up here and we're going to copy a portion of that DNA to create our MRN A, this MR name in these three nucleotides together, we help to form our codon. These codons can correspond to a specific amino acid which we'll see later on. Now, you're going over to ribosome RN A which is RRN A. This is the largest RN A of the three, it forms part of the structure of ribosomes and this is the site of protein synthesis. Now, if we take a look here, we're gonna see our RRN A is this yellow line in here. And we're gonna say that our ribosomes is actually these two structures, this top larger structure and this smaller bottom blue structure together. These two pieces are our ribosomes. Later on. We'll talk about how do they work together in terms of reacting with ribosome RN A? And how does this create proteins? But for right now, just remember, ribosome RN A is basically an important aspect of ribosomes and the site of protein synthesis. So remember, we've discussed the first two types of RN A. There's still up one left to talk about.
2
concept
Types of RNA Concept 2
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Now, our third RN A is called TRN A or transfer RN A. Here, it's the smallest RN A of the three, it carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Now, here it's gonna contain what we call an anti codon. These are just our three nucleotides complementary to the MRN A codon. So remember MRN A has codons which are three nucleotides. Trn A has anti codons which are complementary to it. Now, here it's gonna contain what we call an acceptor stem and it's at the three prime end where amino acids bind. And we're gonna say here that TRN A itself can form a complex 3d clover leaf shaped structure. So if we take a look here, we're gonna say that our amino acid is attaching to the three prime end here in this blue sphere. And remember we have 20 mino asset that we learned previously in our earlier chapters. Trn A is just this entire structure. Now, if we were to expand a little bit further, we can see that this structure that's trn A has these things here on the bottom. These represent our anti coda. Remember when we copied a portion of DNA to make our MRN A, we created a codon, this code on of our three nucleotides. Here. These three nucleotides are complementary to the anti codon of our TRN A. Remember G links up with C A links up with you. It's you because remember R and A deals with you a cell and not thymine. And then again, G with C so these three link up with these three, the codon with the anti codon. So just remember trn A may be the smallest RN A, but we can see that in its shape, it's pretty complex looking. We have our three prime end here which the acceptor stem adds, of which acts as the acceptor stem where we have the amino acid that combined, we have our five prime end over here. This structure, if you really look at it kind of resembles a clover leaf. So that's why they call it that particular shape because it kind of resembles this uh clover leaf that we have in the right hand corner, right? So just remember, this represents our third RN A which is our smallest RN A.
3
example
Types of RNA Example 1
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1m
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Here, it says match each statement with Mrnarrn A or TRN A. First one says transfers amino acids to ribosomes or polypeptide synthesis. But this represents near the end where we're talking about protein synthesis itself, transferring of amino acids. This is accomplished by TRN A next create in the nucleus of the cell and carry genetic information to the ribosomes. Remember we have DNA acting as our genetic information it's copied to help to create our MRN A. This happens within the nucleus and then it eventually leaves the nucleus to go towards the ribosomes. So you were talking about MRN A forms the structure of ribosomes, ribosomes, ribosome, Rnarrn A. Here it contains anti codons complementary to the codons of MRN A. Remember our codons come from MRN A and our antic codons come from TRN A. This is how we're able to bring in our designated amino acid for protein synthesis finally acts as a template for protein synthesis. So our template strand that's helping with all of this uh protein synthesis is originally DNA, but we copy it into MRN A that MRN A sequence of nucleotides is acts as our template for dish for eventual protein synthesis. So here this is MRN A as our answer. So this is what we'd say for each one of the given terms when we have to match them with mrnarrn A or TRN A.
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Problem
Problem
Which type of RNA contains groups of 3 nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid?
A
tRNA
B
rRNA
C
mRNA
D
none of the above
5
Problem
Problem
Rank RNAs in order of smallest to largest.
A
tRNA, rRNA, mRNA
B
tRNA, mRNA, rRNA
C
rRNA, mRNA, tRNA
D
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
6
Problem
Problem
IftRNA has an anticodon3’ UCG 5’, which of the following is the complementary mRNA codon?