Naming Aldehydes - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
IUPAC Rules for Naming Aldehydes Concept 1
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Now recall that aldehydes possess a carbon carbon connected to a H atom. Now, the set of rules for naming aldehydes are similar to ketones. The exception here though is that the carbon carbon of the aldehyde is always numbered one. So that's where we're gonna start numbering our longest carbon chain at the carbon carbon of the aldehyde here because we have an aldehyde, a new functional group. We're gonna have to modify our ending here. We're gonna modify the e ending of the original Alkane name to al because it's an aldehyde. In terms of our naming convention, we'd still have to give the locations of our substituents, the numerical locations. We'd have to check, give the parent name with its modified ending where we're changing E to L. So keep this in mind as we investigate all these different types of aldehydes.
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example
Naming Aldehydes Example 1
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2m
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Provide a systematic name for the following aldehyde. Now, in order to do this, we're gonna utilize the following steps. Step one find the longest carbon chain which will represent the parent chain and assign name according to the prefixes and modifier. The parrot change should include the aldehyde group and greater number of carbons. If a tie between longest chains choose chain with more substituents. So here, if we take a look, we need to include our carbon carbon as part of the longest carbon chain. And remember in terms of numbering, we start numbering from that carbon. Our longest carbon chain would be here if we look, this is not part of the longest carbon chain because this is our branch group or our al Kel group, it's made up of two carbons. So this would be ethyl. So we've assigned name to all the substituents. Step three, start numbering the chain at the carbon of the aldehyde group. So this would be 12345 and six steps, 4 to 6, repeat steps from previous naming topics. If you haven't watched my video on Alcaine with substituents, I suggest that you go back and take a look because there we talk about steps 4 to 6 where we're basically paying attention to these substituents. We have to give the numerical locations of our substituents and make sure we name them alphabetically also gives us, how do we set up the name where we're using commas to separate numbers from each other and dashes to separate numbers from letters. So here we have an ethyl on carbon two. So it would be two ethyl because the aldehyde carbon is always going to be carbon number one. We don't need to designate where it's located. So here we have a six carbon chain which in Alcaine form is hexane. But remember we're changing the E to L so it becomes hex. And now, so the name of this particular aldehyde would be two ethyl Hexon. Now.
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following aldehyde.
A
4-fluoro-5-methylheptanal
B
4-fluoro-5-ethylhexanal
C
4-fluoro-5-methylheptanone
D
4-fluoro-5-ethylhexanone
4
Problem
Problem
Which of the following compounds represent 2-bromo-pentanal?
A
B
C
D
5
concept
Common Naming: Simple Aldehydes Concept 2
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1m
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So when it comes to the common naming rules for simple aldehydes, we say that simple aldehydes are named using common names. Here, we're gonna use a prefix with an aldehyde suffix. Now, we're gonna say these prefixes are utilized in common names by many carbon compounds. Here. If we look at the number of carbons, 1 to 5, we're gonna say that if you have one carbon, your prefix is form. So as an aldehyde, you beat formaldehyde. If you have two carbons, it's a asset. So you'd be aceto aldehyde and then here for three and four, remember three carbons is propane. So this is a play on that. That's, this is pro propion, four carbons is butane. Here we have Bera. So it's a little bit play on those three and four carbons. Five is very different here, we have valor. So just think of the Roman numeral uh V V stands for five. So that's why it's related to five carbons. All right. So again, this applies to simple aldehydes going from 1 to 5 carbons and we'll see how to name them and utilize these prefixes with an aldehyde suffix
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example
Naming Aldehydes Example 2
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34s
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Here it says name the following aldehyde using a common naming system. So if we look here, here's our carbon Y that's part of the aldehyde. It's one, this is two and this is three. So this is a three carbon aldehyde. So remember the prefix would be propion and then we end it with alde high for the suffix to be propion aldehyde as the common name for this particular aldehyde.
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concept
Common Naming: Substituted Aldehydes Concept 3
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2m
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Now, when it comes to the common naming of aldehydes and the aldehydes are substituted, we're gonna follow the following rules, right? We're gonna say the substituents are designated with a numerical location. So we have the location of where the substituent is attached on the chain. But of course, we're still remembering the prefix when it's 1 to 5 carbons and then remember ending it with the suffix aldehyde. So if we take a look here, we say name the following aldehyde using common naming system. So here we have our chain and on it, we have this chlorine group. So when we follow the rules, we're gonna say step one is find the longest carbon chain. Remember we learned about prefixes from 1 to 5 carbons. So we're basically applying these rules to those types of aldehydes. And we're gonna sign a name according to the common name in terms of its prefix and suffix. Now carbon chain should include the aldehyde group and have the most number of carbons. Now, if a tie between longest chain, choose a chain with more substituents. So if we looked at here, the longest chain is 12344 carbons. And remember when it comes to the prefix, we're gonna say that is Bera and we're gonna end the name with aldehyde. OK. So that's the name of the longest aldehyde chain. Step two is assigned name to all substituents. This is a chlorine, chlorine is coral step three. We're gonna start numbering the chain at the carbon of the aldehyde group, which we already did and step 4 to 6, repeat the steps from previous naming topics. All right. So we already named the chain of the Alai group. We just now need to state the location of the Chloro. It is on carbon number two. So this would be two Chloro Bera aldehyde. All right. So this will be the name of this particular common aldehyde.
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Problem
Problem
Provide common name for following aldehyde.
A
3,3-dimethylbutyraldehyde
B
2,2-dimethylvaleraldehyde
C
1,1-dimethylvaleraldehyde
D
2,2-dimethylpentanal
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Problem
Problem
Provide common name for given molecule.
A
3-ethylbenzylaldehyde
B
2-ethylbenzylaldehyde
C
3-ethylbenzaldehyde
D
2-ethylbenzaldehyde
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