Glycerophospholipids - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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Glycerophospholipids Concept 1
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Now, here we're going to say that phospholipids are lipids that contain a phosphate group attached to a Glycerol or spino backbone. Here we're gonna say like fatty acids, phospholipids are amp paic, meaning they have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tale. If we take a look here, we have our illustration of our hydrophilic head because it's hydrophilic, it would be a polar had and then we have our hydrophobic tail, which will mean it's nonpolar. Now, remember lipids can be broken down first into fatty acids and steroids. Here, we're focusing on the fatty acid portion which can be further broken down into our waxes, our Glycerol lipids, our spinal lipids. And then here we'll talk about our a casinos later on. And here when we're talking about our phospho lipids, it's actually shared by these two subclass applications here because both of them contain a phosphate group attached to a Glycerol or a single scene backbone. Now, if we understand that our head is polar and hydrophilic and our tail is hydrophobic and this was to be submerged in an aqueous environment, it would orient itself to create this lipid bilayer where the polar heads are on the exterior and the hydrophobic tails are in the interior. Now, this is important because its ability to do this means that phospholipids are a major component of all cell membranes, right? So that's an important thing. We need to take into account when dealing with phospho lipids within aqueous or polar environments, right? So just keep this in mind in terms of the classifications of phosphor lipids.
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example
Glycerophospholipids Example 1
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Which one of the following is not a component of phospholipids. So we did talk about phospholipids being involved with fatty acids because it is underneath the umbrella term of fatty acids. Phosphate said that phospholipids, a big important aspect of them is they contain a phosphate group. It can be connected to a Glycerol molecule or a AAA spino molecule. Cholesterol cholesterol here is not a component of phospholipids and in fact, it belongs under the category of steroids. So here this would be our answer. Then finally, Glycerol, glycerol can be a vital component of phospholipids. It forms a potential backbone in terms of the attachment of the phosphate group. So this would also be a component of phospholipids. So here, the only answer that's correct is option. C cholesterol is not a component of phospholipids.
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concept
Glycerophospholipids Concept 2
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Now, glycophos lipids are also called phospho glycerides. And they are phospholipids with a glycerol backbone and two fatty acids. We're gonna say here it has a head and tails and we're gonna say the head portion is a phosphate group extended with an amino alcohol head group. The tail is just two fatty asses attached through ether bonds. Now, this is important. They're classified based on the head group attached to the phosphate group. If we take a look here, we have two classes that exist, we have cephalin and then we have less. Then here when it comes to suyin, the head group is an ethanol amine. Here, the nitrogen is connected to three hydrogens and ethyl. And then followed by an alcohol. This alcohol portion is what bonds to the phosphate group. So this is the head region. The fatty acid chains could be saturated or unsaturated. Again, that's not part of the classification. It's the presence of the ethanolamine group that makes it a Suha. Now Lecithin here, we're gonna have Cline as our head group and the clue here, Cole ch instead of having hydrogens, we have methyl groups and we still have our ethyl and then an oh that oh is reacting with a phosphate group for the attachment. Now, here we're gonna say what's important here. And also the fatty acid chains could be saturated or unsaturated. Now, here, when it comes to our glycerophosphate lipids, they are the most abundant lipids in cell membranes. Well, remember the classification of these types of glycerophosphate lipids is based on the type of head group.
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example
Glycerophospholipids Example 2
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Here, this example question says, what is the basis of the classification of Glycerol phospholipids? Now, remember we said that it is what type of head group that's attached to our phosphate that determines the classification for glycerophosphate lipids. So we take a look here. It's not about the fatty acid, molecular carbon one, the number of double bonds in carbon, two fatty acid or the fatty acid molecular carbon too. Again, it is the head group that's attached to the phosphate group. And remember here, we can have either an ethanol, a mean group as the head group or a cline as the head group. In both cases, we have a nitrogen making for bonds and therefore it's positively charged with an ethanol. A mean head group, we have nitrogen connected to three hydrogens and ethyl group then connected to an alcohol. And then for cline, the nitrogen is not connected to hydrogens but three methyl groups and it still possesses a positive charge. So in this particular question, it's the head group attached to the phosphate group that deals with the classification of our Glycerol phosphor lipids
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Problem
Problem
Which one of the following statements accurately describes the difference between cephalins and lecithins?
A
Cephalins contain saturated fatty acids while lecithins have unsaturated fatty acids.
B
Lecithins and cephalins have different backbone molecules.
C
The head groups in cephalins and lecithins are ethanolamine and choline, respectively.
D
Lecithins do not have a head group.
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example
Glycerophospholipids Example 3
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Now, when it comes to drawing glycerophosphate lipids, we're gonna say requires to calling the structures of the fatty acids and head groups, right? So here it says, draw the structure of a Glycerol phosphor lipid that contains two loic acid, a seal groups and ethanol am mean bonded to the phosphate group, right? So here the way we're gonna approach this is step one, we're gonna draw the Glycerol backbone with a phosphate group at carbon number three. So remember we're gonna say this is 12 and three, we're gonna say instead of 20 groups at carbon number one and two, we're gonna write only oxygen atoms. So here, carbon one and two, we have an oxygen here and an oxygen. Here, we already have our phosphate group connected to carbon three. Next, we're gonna say step two, extend the phosphate group at carbon three with ach two ch two group and ethyl group. And we're gonna say we're gonna complete the head group with a NH three positive group because it's ethanolamine or we're gonna complete it with a nitrogen connected to three methyl groups and it's also positive if it's a cole group. So here we're gonna say we have CH two ch two attached. They told us it's an ethanol amine. So it's gonna be an NH three positive group attached. And then let's see. So then we're done with that portion and then finally, it says, draw the two fatty acyl groups. So here we're going to say, remember we don't include the oh group of the fatty acid from the two oxygen atoms and carbons one and two, right? So we have our ethanol amine group attached and they're telling us within this question, it's two Loic acid. The seal groups, remember loic acid is going to be a saturated fatty acid. It has 12 carbons in total and it has no pie bonds. So we just have to draw that out. So 2468, 1012, same thing here. 24, 68, 1012. So here this would be the structure of our Glycerol phosphor lipid based on description at the beginning of the example question.
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Problem
Problem
Draw a glycerophospholipid with lauric acid at C1, myristic acid at C2, and choline bonded to phosphate.
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Problem
Problem
Draw a cephalin with stearic acid at C1 and oleic acid at C2.
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D
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Problem
Problem
Draw a lecithin with palmitic acid at C1 and palmitoleic acid at C2.
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