Naming Alcohols - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Rules for Naming Alcohols Concept 1
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Now, before we delve into naming alcohols, recall that alcohols possess a hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group is the oh group and it's connected to an sp three hybridized carbon. Here. The set of rules for naming alcohols are similar to alkanes plus a modifier ending. Now here, what exactly is a modifier? Well, the modifier is the change to the suffix or ending because of the presence of a functional group. As we go from functional group to functional group, we're gonna have different types of modifiers. Now here for alcohols, the modifier modifies the ending of the alkane name of E to all. So instead of like pentane, we have pol here, the naming convention is we have to give still the locations of our different substituents. Remember those are our branch groups, the location of our parent in terms of our oh group. And then the modification to the ending in this case going from an E ending to all. So keep this in mind when we're naming different types of alcohols.
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example
Naming Alcohols Example 1
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3m
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So here in this example, question, it says name the following alcohol compound. All right. So we're gonna use the following steps in order to name this particular alcohol here, step one says that we have to find the longest carbon chain, that longest carbon chain represents our parent chain. And we're gonna assign a name according to the prefixes and now modifier. Now the parent chain should include the oh group since we're talking about an alcohol and have the greatest number of carbons. Now, if a tie exists between longest chain, choose the chain with more substituents, this one is pretty straightforward. Our longest chain we can see is this portion right here and we can see that the oh and the CLS active are substituents. So this leads us into step two, assign name to all the substituents. All right. So here are coins would be kum the alcohol itself is going to be a modifier. So we don't have to name it here. Next, we're going to say start numbering the chain from the N closest to the oh group. If I tie the number from the end, closest to the next substituent, if still a tie number in alphabetical order. Now assign numerical location to the carbon with the oh group. So here we've identified the two substituents in terms of chlorine. We've looked at the longest chain, we know that oh is gonna be our functional group that's going to modify the end of the name. So here we're going to repeat all the previous steps we've learned in terms of naming organic compounds, in particular al cannes with their substituents. The same rules will apply here. So here I've already numbered the chain for us. We're numbering it from this end one because going 12, we get to our first substituent. If we had numbered it from the other end, it would take us 123 before we get to a substituent. That takes too long. All right. So now let's finally name this. We're going to say here that a six carbon chain is hexane. But remember the presence of the oh, changes the ending from e to all. So it becomes hex and all we have to state on what carbon the oh is for the alcohol? It's on carbon three. So this would be three hex and all. Remember we use a dash to separate numbers from letters. Next, we said that these chlorine are chloro, there are two of them. So that would be die chloral. And finally, we have to state on what carbons those two chlorine are found, they're found on carbons number two. And four. So this would be 2-2 comma four dash di Chloral dash three dash hexen all so 24 Dilor three hexen all will be the name of this particular alcohol compound.
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following alcohol.
A
1-methyl-1-hydroxycyclohexane
B
1-methylcyclohexanol
C
1-methyl-1-hydroxyhexane
D
1-methylhexanol
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Problem
Problem
Provide the formal name for the following alcohol.
A
3-isopropyl-4,5,6-trimethyloctanol
B
2-isopropyl-1,3,4,5-tetramethylheptanol
C
3-isopropyl-4,5,6-trimethyl-2-octanol
D
6-isopropyl-3,4,5-trimethyl-2-octanol
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Problem
Problem
Which structure represents 2-bromo-2,3-dichloro-1-heptanol?
A
B
C
D
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Problem
Problem
Name the following dialcohol.
A
hexane-3,6-diol
B
hexane-3,6-ol
C
heptane-3,6-diol
D
heptane-2,5-diol
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Problem
Problem
Provide IUPAC name for the following trialcohol.
A
1,1-dibromohexane-1,3,5-triol
B
1,1-dibromopentane-1,2,4-triol
C
1,1-dibromopentane-2,4-diol
D
5,5-dibromopentane-2,4,5-triol
8
concept
Alcohol Classification Concept 2
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Alcohols can be classified based on how many carbon groups are attached to the oh bearing carbon atom. So here we have classifications of primary, which is one knot, secondary, which is two knot and tertiary, which is three knot. If we take a look here in the first one, we have a carbon with our oh group, we say that carbon with the oh group, let's say it's connected to just one carbon here. That would mean that this is a primary alcohol. Now here let's put two carbons. So now that the carbon that bears the oh group is connected to two carbons, it's secondary. And then finally, we can say in this last image, the carbon possessing the oh group, it's directly connected to three carbons, meaning that it is a tertiary alcohol. So remember in our exploration to name different types of alcohols, you're gonna come into contact with primary secondary, tertiary alcohols, including um also methyl alcohols, which don't belong to any of these categories, right? So just keep this in mind when looking at different types of alcohols.
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example
Alcohol Classification Example 2
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43s
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Here, it says that we need to classify the following alcohols. So let's look to see where is the carbon with the oh group. So here's the carbon with the oh group and here's the carbon with the oh group. In the first image that carbon possessing the oh group, it is connected to two other carbons which we don't see here. And here since it's connected directly to two carbons, it is a secondary alcohol. And then for this other one, this carbon with the oh group, it is directly connected to one carbon here. So here it's connected directly one carbon. So this would represent a primary alcohol. So the first compound is secondary and the second one here is primary.
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Problem
Problem
Label each alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary.