24. Metabolism and Nutrition

Substrate-level phosphorylation is utilized to create ATP in which steps of aerobic cellular respiration?

a) Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis.

b) Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation.

c) Pyruvate Oxidation and Krebs cycle.

d) Glycolysis and Krebs cycle.

Fill in the blanks: A/an ________ is a nutrient that the body requires in large quantities, whereas a/an ________ is one that the body requires in much smaller quantities. A/an ________ is a nutrient that the body cannot produce and so must be supplied from the diet.

Your friend hears about the latest fad diet that consists entirely of fat. Predict the initial effects such a diet might have on your friend's concentration, memory, and other nervous system functions. Would you recommend this diet to anyone? Why or why not?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Vitamins and minerals are used as fuel sources for cells.

Which type of phosphorylation synthesizes ATP using an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group to ADP?

a) Adaptive Phosphorylation. 

b) Oxidative Phosphorylation. 

c) Substrate-level Phosphorylation.

d) Product-level Phosphorylation.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. High-density lipoproteins deliver cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues.

Certain diet plans claim that a person may eat all the protein he or she wants, as protein is not stored by the body. Is this claim completely accurate? Explain.

Which of the following statements is false?

a. Fiber is a polysaccharide that is completely or partially indigestible by the human body.

b. A complete protein contains all the essential amino acids.

c. Saturated fats contain hydrogen atoms arranged on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond.

d. Linoleic and linolenic acid are essential fatty acids.

The largest amount of ATP made by cellular respiration is created by the process of ______________, in the _____________ steps of aerobic cellular respiration.

a) Substrate-level phosphorylation; first.

b) Oxidative phosphorylation; first.

c) Oxidative phosphorylation; final.

d) Substrate-level phosphorylation; final.

How do fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins differ? Which vitamins are fat-soluble?