21. The Immune System

Fill in the blanks: Injured tissue releases chemicals called______ that mediate the four cardinal signs of inflammation, which are _____, ______,_____ , and_______.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Phagocytic cells of innate immunity include NK cells and basophils.

A scientist is analyzing the cells from a granuloma tissue sample. Which type of immune cell is the scientist least likely to find in this sample?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. Fever is generated by pyrogens that reset the temperature set point of the hypothalamus to a lower value.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Neutrophils are a critical component of the response to a parasitic infection.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. NK cells are cytotoxic cells that lyse and kill cancer cells and cells infected with certain viruses.

Which of the following functions is/are performed by complement proteins?

a. Cell lysis

b. Opsonization

c. Enhancing inflammation

d. Only a and b

e. All of the above

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d.Interleukin-1 is a cytokine that prevents viral replication in infected cells.

Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.

c. What might it mean if lymphocytes instead of neutrophils were elevated? Explain your reasoning.

Which of the following scenarios would not result in an episode of acute inflammation?

Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.

a. What part of the immune response is likely producing these symptoms?

Which of the following answers is an inflammatory mediator that stimulates vasodilation allowing immune cells to enter the site of infection?

The disease tuberculosis (TB) is a serious bacterial infection characterized by granulomas typically found in the lungs. What characteristics would a TB granuloma have?

Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.

b. You order blood work and find that the number of neutrophils in the blood is greatly elevated. What does this tell you about the likely type of pathogen involved? Explain.

Mr. White has been diagnosed with febrile neutropenia, a condition characterized by the presence of a fever with an extremely low number of neutrophils in the blood. Blood work demonstrates the presence of bacteria in his blood. Explain why neutropenia might lead to a bacterial infection. Why is a bacterial infection particularly dangerous for Mr. White?