23. The Digestive System

A bolus is found in which alimentary tract organ or organ(s)?

In which the following would you expect the most chemical digestion to occur?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The mucosa from the stomach to the anus consists of an inner layer of stratified columnar epithelium.

Which of the following statements about accessory organ secretions is not true?

a. Hepatocytes produce bile, which drains out of the liver via the common hepatic ducts.

b. Saliva contains secretory IgA and lysozyme, which play an important role in preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity.

c. Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acidic chyme.

d. The gallbladder produces bile, which drains out of the gallbladder via the cystic duct.

Drugs with anticholinergic side effects block ACh receptors in the peripheral nervous system, including those on digestive organs. Predict the effects such drugs would have on motility and secretion on the specific organs of the digestive system.

Of the following functions of the digestive system, which function is the responsibility of only one organ?

Individuals experiencing prolonged vomiting lose a great deal of hydrochloric acid with the vomitus. Predict the effect this loss of acid will have on the pH of the blood. How will the respiratory system respond to the change in pH? (Connects to Chapters​ 2 and 21)​

The peritoneal cavity is located:

a. around each of the digestive organs.

b. between layers of mesentery.

c. superior to the greater omentum.

d. between the parietal and visceral peritoneum.

Which is more essential to life and why: chemical digestion or mechanical digestion?

Which of the following are true for digestion:

I. Chemical digestion begins in the stomach.

II. Digestion involves breaking down food both physically and chemically.

III. Mechanical digestion increases the surface area of ingested food.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The muscularis externa of most of the alimentary canal consists of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle.

True or False: if false, choose the answer that best corrects the statement.

While the accessory organs contribute important digestive enzymes and fluids, all digestions and absorption of nutrients takes place in the alimentary canal/GI tract.

Four organs are listed below. During food’s path through the alimentary canal, the partially digested food passes through the lumen of each of these organs except:

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The mucosa of the esophagus, pharynx, and oral cavity contains simple squamous epithelium to protect it from abrasion.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The esophageal and pharyngeal phases of swallowing are mediated by the swallowing reflex of the brainstem and the enteric nervous system.

Trace the pathway that food takes through the entire alimentary canal, from the oral cavity to the anal canal.