05:43Elements of Renal Physiology: Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, and ExcretionPete Meighan302views2rank
Textbook QuestionMultiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism? a. Ciliary action b. Gravity alone c. Peristalsis d. Suction137viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhich is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells? a. Na⁺, b. K⁺, c. amino acids, d. all of the above.189viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionGlucose is not normally found in the urine because it a. does not pass through the walls of the glomerulus, b. is kept in the blood by colloid osmotic pressure, c. is reabsorbed by the tubule cells, d. is removed by the body cells before the blood reaches the kidney.296viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMultiple Choice More than one choice may apply. Which of the following is dependent on tubular secretion? a. Clearing penicillin from the blood b. Removal of nitrogenous wastes that have been reabsorbed c. Removal of excess potassium ions from the blood d. Control of blood pH117viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionFiltration at the glomerulus is inversely related to a. water reabsorption, b. capsular hydrostatic pressure, c. arterial blood pressure, d. acidity of the urine.138viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionTubular reabsorption a. of glucose and many other substances is a Tₘ -limited active transport process, b. of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of Na⁺ , c. is the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron, d. of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubule.172viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following is/are true about ADH? a. It promotes obligatory water reabsorption, b. it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, c. it causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT, d. it promotes Na⁺ reabsorption.127viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDescribe the mechanisms that contribute to renal autoregulation.87viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionTrace the pathway a uric acid molecule takes from a glomerulus to the urethra. Name every gross or microscopic structure it passes through on its journey.200viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDescribe the mechanisms of extrinsic regulation of GFR, and their physiological role.111viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDescribe what is involved in active and passive tubular reabsorption.152viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionExplain how the peritubular capillaries are adapted for receiving reabsorbed substances.121viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionExplain the important differences between blood plasma and glomerular filtrate, and relate the differences to the structure of the filtration membrane.262viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionHow does aldosterone modify the chemical composition of urine?108viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionExplain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop. Also explain why the filtrate at the bend of the nephron loop (and the interstitial fluid of the deep portions of the medulla) is hypertonic.126viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMrs. Bigda, a 60-year-old woman, was brought to the hospital by the police after falling to the pavement. She is found to have alcoholic hepatitis. She is put on a salt- and protein-restricted diet and diuretics are prescribed to manage her ascites (accumulated fluid in the peritoneal cavity). How will diuretics reduce this excess fluid? Name and describe the mechanisms of action of three types of diuretics. Why is her diet salt-restricted?108viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhy are renal failure patients undergoing dialysis at risk for anemia and osteoporosis? What medications or supplements could you give them to prevent these problems?109viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionTwo physiology students are having a disagreement about renal function. Dan says that the kidneys work harder when you eat a high-salt diet, whereas Peter says that they work harder when you drink lots of water. Who is right, and why?133viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following is not a physiological process carried out by the kidneys?a. Blood pressure regulationb. Tubular reabsorptionc. Tubular secretiond. Glomerular filtratione. All of the above are physiological processes carried out by the kidneys.80viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following is false about the GFR?a. The GFR averages about 120 ml/min.b. The GFR increases when the afferent arteriole dilates.c. The GFR decreases when the efferent arteriole constricts.d. The GFR decreases when the afferent arteriole constricts63viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.58viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following substances would pass through the filtration membrane to become part of the filtrate under normal circumstances? (Circle all that apply.)a. Sodium ionsb. Albuminc. Glucosed. Erythrocytese. Leukocytesf. Amino acidsg. Urea67viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.a. Sodium ions and glucose are cotransported into the proximal tubule cell by secondary active transport.63viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionThe route by which substances are reabsorbed by crossing through the cells of the renal tubule and collecting system is known as the:a. paracellular route.b. transcellular route.c. primary active transport route.d. facultative route.62viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.b. The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.65viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.c. Sodium ion reabsorption creates a gradient that helps drive the reabsorption of water and many other solutes from the proximal tubule.61viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionFill in the blanks: Glomerular hydrostatic pressure _____ filtration; colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure_____ filtration.a. favors; favorb. opposes; opposec. favors; opposed. opposes; favor59viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDilute urine is produced when decreased levels of______ are secreted:a. aldosteroneb. atrial natriuretic peptidec. ADHd. none of the above75viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhich of the following conditions does not contribute to the creation and/or maintenance of the medullary osmotic gradient?a. The countercurrent exchanger of the vasa rectab. The countercurrent multiplier of the nephron loops of cortical nephronsc. The countercurrent multiplier of the nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephronsd. The permeability of the medullary collecting system to urea and other ions60viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionFill in the blanks: The kidneys produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids increases. They produce _____urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids decreases.81viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionPredict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:a. Having excess proteins in the blood, increasing colloid osmotic pressure61viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionPredict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:b. Having low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)75viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionPredict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:c. Having high arterial blood pressure (hypertension)67viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionTrace the pathway taken by a molecule of urea through the kidney from the glomerulus to the renal pelvis if the urea is recycled.104viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionWhy must the kidneys establish a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla in order to produce concentrated urine?104viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDrugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.a. Blocking the action of aldosterone on the kidneys59viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDrugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.b. Blocking the receptor for angiotensin-II on blood vessels and in the renal tubule cells65viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDrugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.c. Blocking the Na+/Cl−/2K+ transport pumps in the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop56viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionMr. Wu is a patient with kidney disease who presents to your clinic for monitoring. You notice on his chart that his GFR was estimated through inulin administration to be about 35 ml/min. What does this tell you about the health of his kidneys? Mr. Wu is taking a medication that is normally excreted from the body in the urine. You order blood work and find that the concentration of this medication in his plasma is much higher than normal. How does his decreased GFR explain the elevated level of medication in his plasma?65viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionDeana is a 4-year-old girl with a rare genetic defect that causes the Na+/glucose symporters in the proximal tubule to reabsorb fewer glucose and sodium ions than normal. Predict the effects this defect will have on the composition and volume of Deana's urine. Explain why you would expect to see increased activity of the tubuloglomerular feedback and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in Deana's kidneys.59viewsHas a video solution.
Textbook QuestionExplain how each of the drugs in question 1 from this section would lower blood pressure. (Connects to Chapter 17)65viewsHas a video solution.