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Problem 1.1a
Which of the following is a scientific name?
a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b. Tubercle bacillus
Problem 1.10a
Which of the following statements about E. coli is false?
a. E. coli was the first disease-causing bacterium identified by Koch.
b. E. coli is part of the normal microbiome of humans.
c. E. coli is beneficial in human intestines.
d. E. coli gets nutrients from intestinal contents.
e. None of the above; all the statements are true.
Problem 1.1a
How did the idea of spontaneous generation come about?
Problem 1.2a
Briefly state the role microorganisms play in each of the following:
a. biological control of pests
b. recycling of elements
c. normal microbiota
d. sewage treatment
e. human insulin production
f. vaccine production
g. biofilms
Problem 1.2a
Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?
a. are prokaryotic
b. have peptidoglycan cell walls
c. have the same shape
d. grow by binary fission
e. have the ability to move
Problem 1.3a
Which of the following is the most important element of Koch’s germ theory of disease? The animal shows disease symptoms when
a. the animal has been in contact with a sick animal.
b. the animal has a lowered resistance.
c. a microorganism is observed in the animal.
d. a microorganism is inoculated into the animal.
e. microorganisms can be cultured from the animal.
Problem 1.3a
Into which field of microbiology would the following scientists best fit?
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Problem 1.4a
Match the microorganisms in column A to their descriptions in column B.
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Problem 1.4a
Recombinant DNA is
a. DNA in bacteria.
b. the study of how genes work.
c. the DNA resulting when genes of two different organisms are mixed.
d. the use of bacteria in the production of foods.
e. the production of proteins by genes.
Problem 1.5a
Match the people in column A to their contribution toward the advancement of microbiology, in column B.
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Problem 1.5a
Which of the following statements is the best definition of biogenesis?
a. Nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms.
b. Living cells can only arise from preexisting cells.
c. A vital force is necessary for life.
d. Air is necessary for living organisms.
e. Microorganisms can be generated from nonliving matter.
Problem 1.6a
It is possible to purchase the following microorganisms in a retail store. Provide a reason for buying each.
a. Bacillus thuringiensis
b. Saccharomyces
Problem 1.6a
Which of the following is a beneficial activity of microorganisms?
a. Some microorganisms are used as food for humans.
b. Some microorganisms use carbon dioxide.
c. Some microorganisms provide nitrogen for plant growth.
d. Some microorganisms are used in sewage treatment processes.
e. all of the above
Problem 1.7a
NAME IT What type of microorganism has a peptidoglycan cell wall, has DNA that is not contained in a nucleus, and has flagella?
Problem 1.7a
It has been said that bacteria are essential for the existence of life on Earth. Which of the following is the essential function performed by bacteria?
a. control insect populations
b. directly provide food for humans
c. decompose organic material and recycle elements
d. cause disease
e. produce human hormones such as insulin
Problem 1.8a
DRAW IT Show where airborne microbes ended up in Pasteur’s experiment. <IMAGE>
Problem 1.8a
Which of the following is an example of bioremediation?
a. application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill
b. application of bacteria to a crop to prevent frost damage
c. fixation of gaseous nitrogen into usable nitrogen
d. production by bacteria of a human protein such as interferon
e. all of the above
Problem 1.9a
Spallanzani’s conclusion about spontaneous generation was challenged because Antoine Lavoisier had just shown that oxygen was the vital component of air. Which of the following statements is true?
a. All life requires air.
b. Only disease-causing organisms require air.
c. Some microbes do not require air.
d. Pasteur kept air out of his biogenesis experiments.
e. Lavoisier was mistaken.
Problem 10.10a
Use the following choices to answer questions 9 and 10.
1. 9 + 2 flagella
2. 70s ribosome
3. fimbria
4. nucleus
5. peptidoglycan
6. plasma membrane
Which is (are) found only in prokaryotes?
a. 1,4,6
b. 3,5
c. 1,2
d. 4
e. 2,4,5
Problem 10.2a
Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria differs from Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology in that the former
a. groups bacteria into species.
b. groups bacteria according to phylogenetic relationships.
c. groups bacteria according to pathogenic properties.
d. groups bacteria into 19 species.
e. all of the above
Problem 10.3a
Bacillus and Lactobacillus are not in the same order. This indicates that which one of the following is not sufficient to assign an organism to a taxon?
a. biochemical characteristics
b. amino acid sequencing
c. phage typing
d. serology
e. morphological characteristics
Problem 10.3a
Which of the following is used to classify organisms into the Kingdom Fungi?
a. ability to photosynthesize; possess a cell wall
b. unicellular; possess cell wall; prokaryotic
c. unicellular; lacking cell wall; eukaryotic
d. absorptive; possess cell wall; eukaryotic
e. ingestive; lacking cell wall; multicellular; prokaryotic
Problem 10.3a
DRAW IT Use the following rRNA information to construct a cladogram for some of the organisms used in question 4. What is the purpose of a cladogram? How does your cladogram differ from a dichotomous key for these organisms?
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Problem 10.4a
Which of the following is false about scientific nomenclature?
a. Each name is specific.
b. Names vary with geographical location.
c. The names are standardized.
d. Each name consists of a genus and specific epithet.
e. It was first designed by Linnaeus.
Problem 10.4a
DRAW IT Use the information in the following table to complete the dichotomous key to these organisms. What is the purpose of a dichotomous key? Look up each genus in Chapter 11, and provide an example of why this organism is of interest to humans.
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Problem 10.5a
You could identify an unknown bacterium by all of the following except
a. hybridizing a DNA probe from a known bacterium with the unknown’s DNA.
b. making a fatty acid profile of the unknown.
c. specific antiserum agglutinating the unknown.
d. ribosomal RNA sequencing.
e. percentage of guanine + cytosine.
Problem 10.7a
The wall-less mycoplasmas are considered to be related to gram-positive bacteria. Which of the following would provide the most compelling evidence for this?
a. They share common rRNA sequences.
b. Some gram-positive bacteria and some mycoplasmas produce catalase.
c. Both groups are prokaryotic.
d. Some gram-positive bacteria and some mycoplasmas have coccus-shaped cells.
e. Both groups contain human pathogens.
Problem 10.7a
Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8.
a. Animalia
b. Fungi
c. Plantae
d. Bacillota (gram-positive bacteria)
e. Pseudomonadota (gram-negative bacteria)
Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?
Problem 10.8a
Use the following choices to answer questions 7 and 8.
a. Animalia
b. Fungi
c. Plantae
d. Bacillota (gram-positive bacteria)
e. Pseudomonadota (gram-negative bacteria)
Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?
Problem 10.9a
Use the following choices to answer questions 9 and 10.
1. 9 + 2 flagella
2. 70s ribosome
3. fimbria
4. nucleus
5. peptidoglycan
6. plasma membrane
Which is (are) found in all three domains?
a. 2,6
b. 5
c. 2,4,6
d. 1,3,5
e. all six
