It has been said that bacteria are essential for the existence of life on Earth. Which of the following is the essential function performed by bacteria?
a. control insect populations
b. directly provide food for humans
c. decompose organic material and recycle elements
d. cause disease
e. produce human hormones such as insulin

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the role of bacteria in ecosystems and their contribution to life on Earth.
2. Consider the options provided and evaluate which function is essential for the ecosystem.
3. Option a: Control insect populations - While bacteria can affect insect populations, this is not their primary essential function.
4. Option b: Directly provide food for humans - Bacteria are not a direct food source for humans, though they play a role in food production.
5. Option c: Decompose organic material and recycle elements - Bacteria break down dead organic matter, releasing nutrients back into the environment, which is crucial for nutrient cycling and ecosystem sustainability.

Key Concepts

Decomposition

Decomposition is the process by which organic matter is broken down into simpler substances by microorganisms, including bacteria. This process is crucial for recycling nutrients in ecosystems, allowing for the return of essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the soil, which supports plant growth and sustains life.

Nutrient Cycling

Nutrient cycling refers to the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter. Bacteria play a vital role in this cycle by decomposing dead organisms and waste, thus facilitating the availability of nutrients for other organisms, which is essential for maintaining ecological balance.

Symbiosis

Symbiosis is a biological term that describes the interaction between different organisms, which can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. In the context of bacteria, many species engage in mutualistic relationships with plants and animals, aiding in processes such as digestion and nutrient absorption, which are essential for the survival of various life forms.