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Ch. 1 - The Microbial World and You
Chapter 1, Problem 10.2a

Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria differs from Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology in that the former
a. groups bacteria into species.
b. groups bacteria according to phylogenetic relationships.
c. groups bacteria according to pathogenic properties.
d. groups bacteria into 19 species.
e. all of the above

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1
Understand the purpose of Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, which is to classify bacteria based on evolutionary relationships.
Recognize that Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology is used for identifying bacteria based on phenotypic characteristics.
Identify the key difference: Bergey’s Manual of Systematics focuses on phylogenetic relationships, while the Determinative Manual focuses on phenotypic characteristics.
Consider the options given: a) species grouping, b) phylogenetic relationships, c) pathogenic properties, d) specific number of species, e) all of the above.
Determine which option correctly describes the focus of Bergey’s Manual of Systematics, which is primarily on phylogenetic relationships.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Bergey's Manual of Systematics

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria is a comprehensive reference that classifies microorganisms based on their evolutionary relationships and genetic data. Unlike other manuals, it emphasizes phylogenetic relationships, which reflect the evolutionary history and connections among different microbial species.
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Phylogenetic Relationships

Phylogenetic relationships refer to the evolutionary connections between organisms, often depicted in a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree. This concept is crucial in microbiology as it helps scientists understand how different species are related through common ancestors, which is a key focus of Bergey's Manual of Systematics.
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Determinative Bacteriology

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology focuses on identifying and classifying bacteria based on their morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. This approach is more practical for laboratory identification, contrasting with the systematics manual's emphasis on evolutionary relationships, making it essential for understanding the differences between the two manuals.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which of the following is an example of bioremediation?

a. application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill

b. application of bacteria to a crop to prevent frost damage

c. fixation of gaseous nitrogen into usable nitrogen

d. production by bacteria of a human protein such as interferon

e. all of the above

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Textbook Question

Spallanzani’s conclusion about spontaneous generation was challenged because Antoine Lavoisier had just shown that oxygen was the vital component of air. Which of the following statements is true?

a. All life requires air.

b. Only disease-causing organisms require air.

c. Some microbes do not require air.

d. Pasteur kept air out of his biogenesis experiments.

e. Lavoisier was mistaken.

203
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Textbook Question

Use the following choices to answer questions 9 and 10.

1. 9 + 2 flagella

2. 70s ribosome

3. fimbria

4. nucleus

5. peptidoglycan

6. plasma membrane


Which is (are) found only in prokaryotes?

a. 1,4,6

b. 3,5

c. 1,2

d. 4

e. 2,4,5

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Textbook Question

Bacillus and Lactobacillus are not in the same order. This indicates that which one of the following is not sufficient to assign an organism to a taxon?

a. biochemical characteristics

b. amino acid sequencing

c. phage typing

d. serology

e. morphological characteristics

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is used to classify organisms into the Kingdom Fungi?

a. ability to photosynthesize; possess a cell wall

b. unicellular; possess cell wall; prokaryotic

c. unicellular; lacking cell wall; eukaryotic

d. absorptive; possess cell wall; eukaryotic

e. ingestive; lacking cell wall; multicellular; prokaryotic

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Textbook Question

DRAW IT Use the following rRNA information to construct a cladogram for some of the organisms used in question 4. What is the purpose of a cladogram? How does your cladogram differ from a dichotomous key for these organisms?

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