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Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry
Chapter 21, Problem 75a

Name each aldehyde or ketone. a.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon group. Common examples include formaldehyde (HCHO) and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). Naming aldehydes involves identifying the longest carbon chain containing the carbonyl group and using the suffix '-al'.
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Ketones

Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) located within a carbon chain, rather than at the end. The general formula for ketones is RC(=O)R', where R and R' are hydrocarbon groups. Common examples include acetone (CH3COCH3) and butanone (C4H8O). Ketones are named by identifying the longest carbon chain that includes the carbonyl group and using the suffix '-one'.
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Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

The nomenclature of organic compounds follows specific rules set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). This system provides a standardized way to name compounds based on their structure, functional groups, and the length of the carbon chain. For aldehydes and ketones, the position of the carbonyl group and the presence of other functional groups are crucial for determining the correct name and ensuring clarity in communication among chemists.
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