Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Back

All textbooks

Tro 4th Edition

Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Problem 4

What is the molecular geometry of BrF5, and how can it be sketched using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4?

Problem 31

A molecule with the formula AB₃ has a trigonal pyramidal geometry. How many electron groups are on the central atom (A)?

Problem 32

A molecule with the formula AB₃ has a trigonal planar geometry. How many electron groups are on the central atom?

Problem 35

Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and idealized bond angles for each molecule. In which cases do you expect deviations from the idealized bond angle? a. PF₃ b. SBr₂ c. CHCl₃ d. CS₂

Problem 36

Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and idealized bond angles for each molecule. In which cases do you expect deviations from the idealized bond angle? a. CF₄ b. NF₃ c. OF₂ d. H₂S

Problem 37

Which species has the smaller bond angle, H₃O⁺ or H₂O? Explain.

Problem 38

Which species has the smaller bond angle, ClO₄^- or ClO₃^- ? Explain.

Problem 39

Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in “Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper” in Section 10.4 for the following: a. SF4 b. ClF3.

Problem 39c

Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4. c. IF₂^-

Problem 39d

Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4. d. IBr₄^-

Problem 40b

Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion, using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4. b. SCl₆

Problem 40c

Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion, using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4. c. PF₅

Problem 40d

Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion, using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4. d. IF₄⁺

Problem 42c

Determine the molecular geometry about each interior atom and sketch each molecule. c. N₂H₄ (skeletal structure H₂NNH₂)

Problem 44

Each ball-and-stick model shows the electron and molecular geometry of a generic molecule. Explain what is wrong with each molecular geometry and provide the correct molecular geometry, given the number of lone pairs and bonding groups on the central atom. (c)

Problem 45a,b

Determine the geometry about each interior atom in each molecule and sketch the molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.) a. CH₃OH (H₃COH) b. CH₃OCH₃ (H₃COCH₃)

Problem 45c

Determine the geometry about each interior atom in each molecule and sketch the molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.) c. H₂O₂ (HOOH)

Problem 46a,b

Determine the geometry about each interior atom in each molecule and sketch the molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.)

a. CH₃NH₂ (H₃CNH₂)

b. CH₃CO₂CH₃ (H₃CCOOCH₃ One O atom attached to 2nd C atom; the other O atom is bonded to the 2nd and 3rd C atom)

Problem 46c

Determine the geometry about each interior atom in each molecule and sketch the molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.) c. NH₂CO₂H (H₂NCOOH both O atoms attached to C)

Problem 48

CH₃F is a polar molecule, even though the tetrahedral geometry often leads to nonpolar molecules. Explain.

Problem 49

Determine whether each molecule in Exercise 35 is polar or nonpolar. a. PF₃ b. SBr₂ c. CHCl₃ d. CS₂

Problem 50

Determine whether each molecule in Exercise 36 is polar or nonpolar. a. CF₄ b. NF₃ c. OF₂ d. H₂S

Problem 51a,b

Determine whether each molecule is polar or nonpolar. a. SCl₂ b. SCl₄

Problem 52

Determine whether each molecule is polar or nonpolar. a. SiCl₄ b. CF₂Cl₂ c. SeF₆ d. IF₅

Problem 53a

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? a. Be 2s²

Problem 53b

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? b. P 3s²3p³

Problem 53c

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? c. F 2s²2p⁵

Problem 54a,b

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? a. B 2s²2p¹ b. N 2s²2p³

Problem 54c

The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown here. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization? c. O 2s²2p⁴

Problem 55

Write orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows in them) to represent the electron configurations—without hybridization—for all the atoms in PH₃. Circle the electrons involved in bonding. Draw a three-dimensional sketch of the molecule and show orbital overlap. What bond angle do you expect from the unhybridized orbitals? How well does valence bond theory agree with the experimentally measured bond angle of 93.3°?