Determine the geometry about each interior atom in each molecule and sketch the molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.) a. CH 3 NH 2 (H 3 CNH 2 ) b. CH 3 CO 2 CH 3 (H 3 CCOOCH 3 One O atom attached to 2nd C atom; the other O atom is bonded to the 2nd and 3rd C atom)

Hey everyone, we're asked to select the correct image that shows the LewiS structure for the following compound and gives the geometry of each internal atom. And we're given our formula right here first let's go ahead and draw out our structure. So looking at our formula, we have a carbon attached to a carbon and we're told that we have one oxygen atom attached to our second carbon atom. Next we're told that we have a second oxygen atom attached to the 2nd and 3rd carbon atom. Now looking at a formula, we can see that we're missing one last carbon. So we can attach that carbon onto our third carbon. Now let's go ahead and add our hydrogen is to our terminal carbons. This would attach three hydrogen onto each carbon and we know that our third carbon has two hydrogen attached to it and to complete the octave for the second carbon, we add a double bond between our carbon and oxygen and we add two lone pairs onto our oxygen. Now for our last oxygen, all we need to do is add two lone pairs. So looking at her answer choices, we can see that A and B have the same structure that we drew out but looking at C and D. Our structures are not the same. So we can eliminate these answer choices since we have the oxygen incorrectly place in the structure. Next let's go ahead and determine our geometries of each internal atom. Starting with our carbon one, we have our central atom A and it has four groups surrounding it with zero lone pairs. So this is going to be tetra hydro looking at our carbon too. We have our central atom A With three groups and zero lone pairs. So this is going to be tribunal planer. Looking at our oxygen, we have our central atom A. And we have two groups and two lone pairs based on our vesper theory. This is going to be bent. Looking at our carbon three and our carbon four, we can see that we have a central atom A and four groups surrounding it with zero lone pairs. So this is going to be tetra hydro. Now comparing our answers to our answer choices, it looks like B is going to be our final answer. So I hope that made sense and let us know if you have any questions.

Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

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Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Problem 46a,b

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Chapter 10, Problem 46a,b

Determine the geometry about each interior atom in each molecule and sketch the molecule. (Skeletal structure is indicated in parentheses.)
a. CH₃NH₂ (H₃CNH₂)
b. CH₃CO₂CH₃ (H₃CCOOCH₃ One O atom attached to 2nd C atom; the other O atom is bonded to the 2nd and 3rd C atom)

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Identify the central atoms in the molecule. In this case, the central atoms are the carbon atoms in the skeletal structure H3CCOOCH3.

Determine the hybridization of each central carbon atom. The first carbon (C1) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom, indicating sp3 hybridization, which corresponds to a tetrahedral geometry.

For the second carbon atom (C2), it is bonded to one carbon atom, one oxygen atom with a double bond, and another oxygen atom with a single bond. This suggests sp2 hybridization, which corresponds to a trigonal planar geometry.

The third carbon atom (C3) is bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, indicating sp3 hybridization, which corresponds to a tetrahedral geometry.

Sketch the molecule by arranging the atoms according to the determined geometries: C1 with a tetrahedral shape, C2 with a trigonal planar shape, and C3 with a tetrahedral shape. Connect the atoms as per the skeletal structure, ensuring the correct placement of the oxygen atoms as described.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom, which influences the shape of the molecule. Common geometries include linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and bent, each resulting from specific arrangements of electron pairs according to VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory.

VSEPR Theory

VSEPR theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs surrounding a central atom. According to this theory, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes. Understanding VSEPR is crucial for determining the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule, which directly affects its properties and reactivity.

Skeletal Structure

A skeletal structure is a simplified representation of a molecule that shows the connectivity between atoms without depicting all the hydrogen atoms explicitly. In skeletal formulas, carbon atoms are represented by vertices or ends of lines, while other atoms, such as oxygen, are shown as letters. This notation helps chemists quickly visualize the molecular framework and is particularly useful for larger organic molecules, facilitating the identification of functional groups and overall structure.