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Ch.10 - Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory
Chapter 10, Problem 48

CH3F is a polar molecule, even though the tetrahedral geometry often leads to nonpolar molecules. Explain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. In the case of CH3F, the molecule adopts a tetrahedral shape due to the four regions of electron density around the central carbon atom. This geometry is crucial for understanding how the spatial arrangement of atoms can influence the overall polarity of the molecule.
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Polarity

Polarity in chemistry describes the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms in a molecule. A molecule is polar if it has a significant difference in electronegativity between its atoms, leading to a dipole moment. In CH3F, the fluorine atom is highly electronegative compared to carbon and hydrogen, creating a dipole that results in the molecule being polar despite its tetrahedral geometry.
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Dipole Moment

The dipole moment is a vector quantity that measures the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. It is influenced by both the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. In CH3F, the dipole moment arises from the unequal sharing of electrons between the carbon and fluorine atoms, which contributes to the molecule's overall polarity, even though the tetrahedral shape might suggest nonpolarity.
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