10. Periodic Properties of the Elements

Which electron configuration represents a violation of Hund's Rule? 

Which electron configuration represents a violation of the Auf Bau Principle? 

Identify the element with the given electron orbital diagram. 

Write the electron configuration and electron orbital diagram for the following element: 

Mn (Z = 25) 

Shown below is a qualitative diagram of the atomic orbital energies for an Na atom. The number of orbitals in each subshell is not shown.

(d) A sodium vapor lamp (Figure 7.23) operates by using electricity to excite the highest-energy electron to the next highest-energy level. Light is produced when the excited electron drops back to the lower level. Which two energy levels are involved in this process for the Na atom?

Four possible electron configurations for a nitrogen atom are shown below, but only one schematic represents the correct configuration for a nitrogen atom in its ground state. Which configurations violate the Pauli exclusion principle?

Four possible electron configurations for a carbon atom are shown below, but only one schematic represents the correct configuration for a carbon atom in its ground state. Which one is the correct electron configuration?

(b) Hafnium, Hf, is also found in group 4. Write the electron configuration for Hf.