21. Nuclear Chemistry

Band of Stability: Overview

21. Nuclear Chemistry

Band of Stability: Overview

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Intepreting the Band of Stability

Band of Stability: Overview Example

Band of Stability: Atomic Forces

Band of Stability: Overview Example

Jules Bruno

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Multiple Choice

A nuclide of plutonium-241 undergoes 2 alpha decays, 3 beta decays and a gamma emission. What is the product?

a) Curium

b) Neptunium

c) Uranium

d) Thorium

e) Nobelium

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Multiple Choice

Determine if the following nuclide will undergo alpha decay, beta decay or positron emission and provide the nuclear reaction: Hydrogen-3

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Multiple Choice

Determine if the following nuclides will undergo alpha decay, beta decay or electron capture and provide the nuclear reaction: Vanadium-50

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Textbook Question

In the sketch below, the red spheres represent protons and the gray spheres represent neutrons. (c) Based on its atomic number and mass number, do you think the product nucleus is stable or radioactive? [Section 21.3]

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Textbook Question

All the stable isotopes of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine are shown in the accompanying chart (in red), along with their radioactive isotopes with t1>2 7 1 min (in blue). (b) Which radioactive isotopes are most likely to decay by beta emission? [Sections 21.2, 21.4, and 21.5]

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Textbook Question

Predict the type of radioactive decay process for the following radionuclides: (a) 85B.

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Textbook Question

Predict the type of radioactive decay process for the following radionuclides: (b) 6829Cu.

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Textbook Question

Each of the following nuclei undergoes either beta decay or positron emission. Predict the type of emission for each: (b) 8938Sr.

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Textbook Question

Each of the following nuclei undergoes either beta decay or positron emission. Predict the type of emission for each: (a) tritium, 31H.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following nuclides would you expect to be radioactive: 5826Fe, 6027Co, 9241Nb, mercury-202, radium-226? Justify your choices.

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Textbook Question

Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (b) 21H + 32He¡42He + ?

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Textbook Question

Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (d) 12253I¡12254Xe + ?

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Textbook Question

Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (e) 23592U + 10n¡13554Xe + 2 10n + ?

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Textbook Question

Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (d) 5826Fe + 2 10n¡6027Co + ?

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Textbook Question

Complete and balance the following nuclear equations by supplying the missing particle: (a) 147N + 42He¡? + 11H

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Textbook Question

Determine whether or not each nuclide is likely to be stable. State your reasons. d. Te-124

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Textbook Question

Determine whether or not each nuclide is likely to be stable. State your reasons. c. Co-51

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Textbook Question

Of the two isotopes of tungsten, 160W and 185W, one decays by b emission and one decays by a emission. Which does which? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Of the two isotopes of iodine, 136I and 122I, one decays by b emission and one decays by positron emission. Which does which? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. b. Ru-90

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Textbook Question

Of the two isotopes of iodine, 196Pb and 206Pb, one is nonra-dioactive and one decays by positron emission. Which does which? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. c. Fr-202

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Textbook Question

Predict a likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. a. Sb-132

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Textbook Question

Why do nuclei that are neutron-rich emit b particles? Why do nuclei that are neutron-poor emit a particles or positrons or undergo electron capture?

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Textbook Question

Which nuclide in each pair would you expect to have the longer half-life? a. Cs-149 or Cs-139

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Textbook Question

Rutherfordium-257 was synthesized by bombarding Cf-249 with C-12. Write the nuclear equation for this reaction.

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Textbook Question

Nuclear scientists have synthesized approximately 1600 nuclei not known in nature. More might be discovered with heavy-ion bombardment using high-energy particle accelerators. Complete and balance the following reactions, which involve heavy-ion bombardments: (b) 4020Ca + 24896Cm¡14762Sm + ?

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Textbook Question

Write the nuclear equation for the most likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. b. Ra-216

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Textbook Question

Write the nuclear equation for the most likely mode of decay for each unstable nuclide. a. Ru-114

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Textbook Question

Each of the following transmutations produces a radionuclide used in positron emission tomography (PET). (a) In equations (i) and (ii), identify the species signified as 'X.' (i) 14N1p, a2X (ii) 18O1p, X218F (iii) 14N1d, n215O

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Textbook Question

The nuclide 247Es can be made by bombardment of 238U in a reaction that emits five neutrons. Identify the bombarding particle.

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Textbook Question

The nuclide 6Li reacts with 2H to form two identical particles. Identify the particles.

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Textbook Question

Give the products of the following nuclear reactions. (b)

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Textbook Question

Give the products of the following nuclear reactions. (a)

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Textbook Question

Element was prepared in 1982 by bombardment of atoms with atoms. Identify the other product that must have formed, and write a balanced nuclear equation assuming no other products were formed.

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Textbook Question

One of the new superheavy elements added to the periodic table in 2016 was synthesized when a beam of 48Ca ions was directed at a target of 243Am. (a) Write a balanced nuclear equation for the formation of this element. (b) What isotope is formed after the nuclide formed in the nuclear transmutation reaction in part (a) emits one alpha particle? (c) How many alpha particles were emitted to reach the isotope 268Db, the final decay product?

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Textbook Question

Fraud in science is rare but does happen occasionally. In 1999, the creation of three superheavy elements (one new) was claimed when 208Pb was bombarded with 86Kr. The claim was subsequently found to be fraudulent and was with-drawn. Identify the isotopes X, Y, and Z that were claimed.

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Textbook Question

The most abundant isotope of uranium, 238U, does not undergo fission. In a breeder reactor, however, a 238U atom captures a neutron and emits two b particles to make a fis-sionable isotope of plutonium, which can then be used as fuel in a nuclear reactor. Write a balanced nuclear equation.

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21. Nuclear Chemistry

Band of Stability: Overview

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Practice this topic