19. Chemical Thermodynamics

(c) In a particular spontaneous process, the number of microstates available to the system decreases. What can you conclude about the sign of ΔSsurr?

(b) As a system goes from state A to state B, its entropy decreases. What can you say about the number of microstates corresponding to each state?

(a) What is the difference between a state and a microstate of a system?

Would each of the following changes increase, decrease, or have no effect on the number of microstates available to a system: (b) decrease in volume

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Unlike enthalpy, where we can only ever know changes in H, we can know absolute values of S. (b) If you heat a gas such as CO2, you will increase its degrees of translational, rotational and vibrational motions. (c) CO21g2 and Ar(g) have nearly the same molar mass. At a given temperature, they will have the same number of microstates.

When rolling a pair of dice, there are two ways to get a point total of 3(1+2;2+1) but only one way to get a point total of 2(1+1). How many ways are there of getting point totals of 4 to 12? What is the most probable point total?

Consider the distribution of ideal gas molecules among three bulbs (A, B, and C) of equal volume. For each of the follow-ing states, determine the number of ways (W) that the state can be achieved, and use Boltzmann's equation to calculate the entropy of the state. (a) 2 molecules in bulb A (b) 2 molecules randomly distributed among bulbs A, B, and C

Consider a system that consists of two standard playing dice, with the state of the system defined by the sum of the values shown on the top faces. (f) Calculate the absolute entropy of the two-dice system.