12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Bond Angles

12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Bond Angles

Guided videos.

Determine the bond angle for the thiocyanate ion, SCN^–.

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Multiple Choice

In the PCl₃F₂ molecule the chlorine atoms exist in the equatorial positions and the fluorine atoms exist in the axial positions. Based on this information, predict the Cl–P–Cl bond angle.

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Multiple Choice

Determine the O–N–O bond angle for N₂O₄, which exists as O₂N–NO₂.

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Multiple Choice

What are the H−N−H bond angles in NH₃?

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Multiple Choice

How many sigma bonds can a central atom with the electron configuration 3s²3p³ make without hybridization?

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Multiple Choice

DEET, or N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, is used in many insect repellents. How many sp² carbons are there in the following structure?

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a false statement about double bonds?

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Textbook Question

Give the geometry and approximate bond angles around the central atom in CCl3-. (LO 8.1) (a) Trigonal planar, 120° (b) Trigonal pyramidal, 109.5° (c) Trigonal pyramidal, 120° (d) Bent, 109.5°

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Textbook Question

In the hydrocarbon

(d) Identify all the 120° bond angles in the molecule.

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Textbook Question

(a) Boron trichloride 1BCl32 and the carbonate ion 1CO3 2- 2 are both described as trigonal. What does this indicate about their bond angles?

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Textbook Question

Describe the bond angles to be found in each of the following molecular structures: (a) trigonal planar, (b) tetrahedral, (c) octahedral, (d) linear.

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Textbook Question

In which of the following molecules can you confidently predict the bond angles about the central atom, and for which would you be a bit uncertain? Explain in each case. (a) H2S, (b) BCl3, (c) CH3I, (d) CBr4, (e) TeBr4.

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Textbook Question

Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (c)

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Textbook Question

Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (a)

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Textbook Question

Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (d)

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Textbook Question

Give the approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the following molecules: (a)

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Textbook Question

Ammonia, NH3, reacts with incredibly strong bases to produce the amide ion, NH2-. Ammonia can also react with acids to produce the ammonium ion, NH4+. (a) Which species (amide ion, ammonia, or ammonium ion) has the largest H¬N¬H bond angle? (b) Which species has the smallest H¬N¬H bond angle?

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Textbook Question

(b) How would you expect the H¬X¬H bond angle to vary in the series H2O, H2S, H2Se? Explain. (Hint: The size of an electron pair domain depends in part on the electronegativity of the central atom.)

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Textbook Question

Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and idealized bond angles for each molecule. In which cases do you expect deviations from the idealized bond angle? a. PF3 b. SBr2 c. CHCl3 d. CS2

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Textbook Question

Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry, and idealized bond angles for each molecule. In which cases do you expect deviations from the idealized bond angle? a. CF4 b. NF3 c. OF2 d. H2S

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Textbook Question

Which species has the smaller bond angle, H3O+ or H2O? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Which species has the smaller bond angle, ClO4- or ClO3- ? Explain.

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Textbook Question

What bond angles do you expect for each of the following? (d) The O¬B¬O angle in BO33-

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Textbook Question

Oceanographers study the mixing of water masses by releasing tracer molecules at a site and then detecting their presence at other places. The molecule trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride is one such tracer. Draw an electron-dot structure for CF3SF5, and predict the bond angles around both carbon and sulfur.

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Textbook Question

Like cyclohexane (Problem 8.54), benzene also contains a sixmembered ring of carbon atoms, but it is flat rather than puckered. Explain, and predict the values of the C¬C¬C bond angles.

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Textbook Question

Use VSEPR theory to answer the following questions: (a) Which molecule, BF3 or PF3, has the smaller F¬X¬F angles?

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Textbook Question

Oxaloacetic acid is an intermediate involved in the citric acid cycle of food metabolism. What is the hybridization of the various carbon atoms in oxaloacetic acid, and what are the approximate values of the various bond angles?

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Textbook Question

Ethyl propanoate, CH3CH2COOCH2CH3, gives a fruity pineapple-like smell. (e) What are the approximate bond angles around each carbon atom in the molecule?

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Textbook Question

Draw the structures of two compounds that have the composition CH3NO2 and have all three H atoms bonded to the C. Predict which compound has the larger ONO bond angle.

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Textbook Question

Butadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the following carbon–carbon bond lengths:

(a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atoms and sketch the molecule.

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Textbook Question

Azo dyes are organic dyes that are used for many applications, such as the coloring of fabrics. Many azo dyes are derivatives of the organic substance azobenzene, C12H10N2. A closely related substance is hydrazobenzene, C12H12N2. The Lewis structures of these two substances are

(Recall the shorthand notation used for benzene.) (c) Predict the N¬N¬C angles in each of the substances.

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Textbook Question

The phosphorus trihalides 1PX32 show the following variation in the bond angle X¬P¬X: PF3, 96.3°; PCl3, 100.3°; PBr3, 101.0°; PI3, 102.0°. The trend is generally attributed to the change in the electronegativity of the halogen. (b) What is the general trend in the X¬P¬X angle as the halide electronegativity increases?

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Textbook Question

(a) What are the C¬C¬C bond angles in diamond?

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Open Question

Predict the ideal bond angles around each central atom in this molecule.

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Open Question

Determine the shape and bond angle of these oxynitrogen ions.

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Open Question

Give approximate values for the indicated bond angles in the molecule shown.

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Open Question

Select the correct value for the indicated bond angle in each of the compounds.

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Open Question

Identify the optimum c–c–c bond angle for each of the indicated carbon atoms in the molecule.

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Open Question

In cumulene, what are the C=C=C and H-C-H bond angles, respectively?

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Open Question

Based on the bond angles in CH₄, NH₃, and H₂O, rank the magnitude of these repulsions.

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Open Question

Acids are electrolytes that, when dissolved in water, release ______ ions.

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Open Question

Rank the following in order of increasing bond angles: OF₂, SnF₂, XeF₂

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Open Question

Estimate the value of the H−C−H bond angle in ethene.

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Open Question

Select the true statement below regarding SBF₃, IF₃, PF₃, and BF₃.

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Open Question

How does adding a lone pair affect the position of existing atoms and lone pairs?

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12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory

Bond Angles

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