22. Organic Chemistry

What is the organic product when 1-pentene reacts with hydrogen bromide?

Teflon is an addition polymer formed from the monomer shown here. Draw the structure of the polymer.

Saran, the polymer used to make saran wrap, is an addition polymer formed from two monomers—vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride. Draw the structure of the polymer. (Hint: The monomers alternate.)

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is an addition polymer with the struc- ture shown here. Draw the structure of the monomer.

(b) Which of these molecules can be used as a monomer: ethanol, ethene (also called ethylene), methane?

Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation of a polymer via a condensation reaction from the monomers succinic acid 1HOOCCH2CH2COOH2 and ethylenediamine 1H2NCH2CH2NH22.

Write the chemical equation that represents the formation of (b) polyacrylonitrile from acrylonitrile (polyacrylonitrile is used in home furnishings, craft yarns, clothing, and many other items).

What molecular structural features cause high-density polyethylene to be denser than low-density polyethylene?

Small molecules with C'C double bonds, called monomers, can join with one another to form long chain molecules called polymers. Thus, acrylonitrile, H2C'CHCN, polymerizes under appropriate conditions to give polyacrylonitrile, a common starting material for producing the carbon fibers used in composites. (a) Write electron-dot structures for acrylonitrile and polyacrylonitrile, and show how rearranging the electrons can lead to formation of the polymer.