21. Nuclear Chemistry

Practice this topic

Multiple Choice

Calcium-41 is commonly used radioisotope in the study of osteoporosis. If calcium-41 has a mass of 40.962278 amu, determine the nuclear binding energy per nucleon in MeV. (1 amu = 1.66 x 10^-27 kg). (1 MeV = 1.60 x 10^-13 J)

116

Multiple Choice

Calculate the mass defect (in g/mol) for the formation of a helium-6 nucleus, and calculate the binding energy in (MeV)/nucleon. (1 amu = 1.66 x 10^-27 kg). (1 neutron = 1.00866 amu 1 proton = 1.00727 amu, & 1 electron = 0.00055 amu) (1 MeV = 1.60 x 10^-13 J).

108

Calculate the binding energy a uranium-235 nucleus in units of MeV/nucleon. The mass of an 235U atom is 235.043 929, the mass of a proton is 1.007 28, the mass of a neutron is 1.008 67, and the mass of an electron is 5.486 x 10^-4. (1 MeV = 1.60 x 10^-13 J) (a) 2.84 MeV/nucleon (b) 1.70 x 10^3 MeV/nucleon (c) 11.3 MeV/nucleon (d) 7.62 MeV/nucleon

2161

How much energy must be supplied to break a single aluminum-27 nucleus into separated protons and neutrons if an aluminum-27 atom has a mass of 26.9815386 amu? How much energy is required for 100.0 g of aluminum-27? (The mass of an electron is given on the inside back cover.)

594

Based on the following atomic mass values:1H, 1.00782 amu; 2H, 2.01410 amu; 3H, 3.01605 amu; 3He, 3.01603 amu; 4He, 4.00260 amu—and the mass of the neutron given in the text, calculate the energy released per mole in each of the following nuclear reactions, all of which are possibilities for a controlled fusion process: (b) 21H + 21H¡32He + 10n

628

If 1.0 g of matter is converted to energy, how much energy is formed?

552

comments

A typical home uses approximately 1.0 * 103 kWh of energy per month. If the energy came from a nuclear reaction, what mass would have to be converted to energy per year to meet the energy needs of the home?

547

rank

Calculate the mass defect and nuclear binding energy per nucleon of each nuclide. a. Li-7 (atomic mass = 7.016003 amu)

1286

Calculate the quantity of energy produced per gram of U-235 (atomic mass = 235.043922 amu) for the neutron-induced fission of U-235 to form Xe-144 (atomic mass = 143.9385 amu) and Sr-90 (atomic mass = 89.907738 amu) (discussed in Problem 57).

1734

rank

A 75-kg human has a dose of 32.8 rad of radiation. How much energy is absorbed by the person's body? Compare this energy to the amount of energy absorbed by the person's body if he or she jumped from a chair to the floor (assume that the chair is 0.50 m from the ground and that all of the energy from the fall is absorbed by the person).

681

Complete each nuclear equation and calculate the energy change (in J>mol of reactant) associated with each (Be-9 = 9.012182 amu, Bi-209 = 208.980384 amu, He-4 = 4.002603 amu, Li-6 = 6.015122 amu, Ni-64 = 63.927969 amu, Rg-272 = 272.1535 amu, Ta-179 = 178.94593 amu, and W-179 = 178.94707 amu). a. _____ +94Be ¡63Li + 42He

1237

Calculate the mass defect (in g/mol) and the binding energy (in MeV/nucleon) for the following nuclei. Which of the two is more stable? (a) 50Cr (atomic mass = 49.94605) (b) 64Zn (atomic mass = 63.92915)

670

Calculate the mass defect (in g/mol) and the binding energy (in MeV/nucleon) for the following nuclei. Which of the two is more stable? (a) 7Li (atomic mass = 7.016004) (b) 39K (atomic mass = 38.963706)

449

Calculate the binding energy (in MeV/nucleon) for the following nuclei. (b) 84Kr (atomic mass = 83.91151)

556

Calculate the binding energy (in MeV/nucleon) for the following nuclei. (a)58Ni (atomic mass = 57.93535)

610

The nuclear masses of 7Be, 9Be, and 10Be are 7.0147, 9.0100, and 10.0113 amu, respectively. Which of these nuclei has the largest binding energy per nucleon?

494

A typical nuclear reactor produces about 1.0 MW of power per day. What is the minimum rate of mass loss required to produce this much energy?

374

Find the binding energy in an atom of 3He, which has a mass of 3.016030 amu.

764

How much energy is released (in kJ) in the fusion reaction of 2H to yield 1 mol of 3He? The atomic mass of 2H is 2.0141, and the atomic mass of 3He is 3.0160.

152

How much energy (in kJ/mol) is produced in the following fission reaction of plutonium-239?

813

How much energy (in kJ/mol) is released in the fusion reaction with 2H and 3He?

740

How much energy (in kJ/mol) is released in the fusion reaction of 1H and 2H atoms?

755

The nuclide 18F decays by both electron capture and b+ decay. Find the difference in the energy released by these two processes. The atomic masses are 18F = 18.000950 and 18O = 17.9991598.

372

Open Question

The mass defect for a lithium-6 nucleus is -0.03434 g/mol. Calculate the atomic mass of lithium-6.

157

Open Question

The most stable nucleus in terms of binding energy per nucleon is ⁵⁶Fe. If the atomic mass of ⁵⁶Fe is 55.9349 amu, calculate the binding energy per nucleon for ⁵⁶Fe, in joules. The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.0078 amu, and the mass of a neutron is 1.0087 amu. (1 J = 1 kg･m²/s², 1 amu = 1.66 × 10^-27 kg)

308