19. Chemical Thermodynamics

Which of the following statements is/are true?

a) The rusting of iron by oxygen is a non-spontaneous reaction.

b) The addition of a catalyst to a reaction increases spontaneity.

c) The movement of heat from a cold object to a hot object is a non-spontaneous reaction.

d) The diffusion of perfume molecules from one side of a room to the other is a non-spontaneous reaction.

e) None of the above. 

Which of the following is (are) spontaneous processes?

(i) a ball rolling down a hill
(ii) a car rusting
(iii) the decomposition of water into H₂ gas and O₂ gas

A positive ΔS_system indicates what about the overall spontaneity of a process?

A process is always spontaneous under which conditions?

Which of the following is a true statement about the relationship between ΔG and K?

At what temperature does the following reaction become nonspontaneous?

2 NO (g) + O₂ (g) → 2 NO₂ (g)

Which of the following would have a negative ΔS?

Which of the following is a true statement about ΔS_surroundings?

Calculate ΔS_surr (in units of J/K) for the process in which 2.00 mol of water are placed into a freezer at −10.0℃.

Calculate ΔS°_rxn (J/K) for the formation reaction of the salt MgO (s).

A reaction that is spontaneous as written

Which of the following processes are spontaneous?