Textbook Question
Which substance in the following reaction is being reduced?
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a. acetaldehyde
b. NADH
c. ethanol
d. NAD⁺
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Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism
Chapter 5, Problem 5.2a
Which of the following reactions produces the most molecules of ATP during aerobic metabolism?
a. glucose → glucose 6-phosphate
b. phosphoenolpyruvic acid → pyruvic acid
c. glucose → pyruvic acid
d. acetyl CoA → CO₂ + H₂O
e. succinic acid → fumaric acid
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the metabolic pathways involved in each reaction option.
Determine the number of ATP molecules produced in each pathway during aerobic metabolism.
For option (a), glucose to glucose 6-phosphate is part of glycolysis and involves ATP consumption.
For option (b), phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvic acid is a step in glycolysis that produces ATP.
For option (d), acetyl CoA to CO₂ + H₂O is part of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which produces the most ATP.
Verified Solution
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Aerobic Metabolism
Aerobic metabolism refers to the process by which cells convert glucose and other substrates into energy in the presence of oxygen. This process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, ultimately leading to the production of ATP. Understanding this concept is crucial for determining which reactions yield the highest ATP output.
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02:17
Introduction to Metabolism
ATP Yield from Different Pathways
Different metabolic pathways produce varying amounts of ATP. For instance, glycolysis generates a net of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, while the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can yield up to 34 additional ATP molecules. Recognizing the ATP yield from each reaction helps in identifying which reaction is most efficient in terms of energy production.
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Substrate-Level Phosphorylation vs. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during specific reactions in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, directly generating ATP from ADP and a phosphate group. In contrast, oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the electron transport chain, produces the majority of ATP during aerobic metabolism. Understanding the difference between these two processes is essential for evaluating the ATP output of the reactions listed.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Use the following choices to answer questions 7–10.
a. E. coli growing in glucose broth at 35℃ with O₂ for 5 days
b. E. coli growing in glucose broth at 35℃ without O₂ for 5 days
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
Which culture uses the most glucose?
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Textbook Question
DRAW IT Using the following diagrams, show each of the following:
a. where the substrate will bind
b. where the competitive inhibitor will bind
c. where the noncompetitive inhibitor will bind
d. which of the four elements could be the inhibitor in feedback inhibition
e. What effect will the reactions in (a), (b), and (c) have?
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Textbook Question
DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The rate of reaction begins as shown in the following graph. To complete the graph, show the effect of increasing substrate concentration on a constant enzyme concentration. Show the effect of increasing temperature.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following processes does not generate ATP?
a. photophosphorylation
b. the Calvin-Benson cycle
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. substrate-level phosphorylation
e. All of the above generate ATP
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Textbook Question
Which of the following compounds has the greatest amount of energy for a cell?
a. CO₂
b. ATP
c. glucose
d. O₂
e. lactic acid
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