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Problem 2.7a
Reactions that release energy are called __________ reactions.
Problem 2.8a
All chemical reactions begin with reactants and result in new molecules called __________ .
Problem 3.10a
Can nonliving things metabolize? Explain your answer.
Problem 5.1a
For each of the phrases in questions 1–7, indicate the type of metabolism referred to, using the following choices:
a. anabolism only
b. both anabolism and catabolism (amphibolic)
c. catabolism only
Breaks a large molecule into smaller ones
Problem 5.10a
Activation energy ______.
a. is the amount of energy required during an activity such as flagellar motion
b. requires the addition of nutrients in the presence of water
c. is lowered by the action of organic catalysts
d. results from the movement of molecules
Problem 5.1a
Match the descriptions below with their corresponding terms.
1. Occurs when energy from a compound containing phosphate reacts with ADP to form ATP
2. Involves formation of ATP via reduction of coenzymes in the electron transport chain
3. Begins with glycolysis
4. Occurs when all active sites on substrate molecules are filled
A. Saturation
B. Oxidative phosphorylation
C. Substrate-level phosphorylation
D. Photophosphorylation
E. Carbohydrate catabolism
Problem 5.1a
Label the mitochondrion to indicate the location of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport chains.
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Problem 5.1a
How does amination differ from transamination?
Problem 5.10a
Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen?
Problem 5.11a
Coenzymes are _______.
a. types of apoenzymes
b. proteins
c. inorganic cofactors
d. organic cofactors
Problem 5.11a
What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar catabolized by Escherichia coli?
Problem 5.12a
Which of the following statements best describes ribozymes?
a. Ribozymes are proteins that aid in the production of ribosomes.
b. Ribozymes are nucleic acids that produce ribose sugars.
c. Ribozymes store enzymes in ribosomes.
d. Ribozymes process RNA molecules in eukaryotes.
Problem 5.12a
How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to rise?
Problem 5.13a
Which of the following does not affect the function of enzymes?
a. ubiquinone
b. substrate concentration
c. temperature
d. competitive inhibitors
Problem 5.13a
Where specifically does the most significant production of ATP occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Problem 5.14a
Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the _______.
a. removal of hydrogen ions and electrons
b. removal of oxygen
c. addition of hydrogen ions and electrons
d. addition of hydrogen ions
Problem 5.14a
Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for microbial metabolism?
Problem 5.15a
Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one glucose molecule by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 38
d. 0
Problem 5.15a
A laboratory scientist notices that a certain bacterium does not utilize lactose when glucose is available in its environment. Describe a cellular regulatory mechanism that would explain this observation.
Problem 5.16a
Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 38
d. 0
Problem 5.17a
Which of the following statements about the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is false?
a. It is a series of reactions that synthesizes glucose.
b. Its products are sometimes used to determine the presence of Pseudomonas.
c. It is a pathway of chemical reactions that catabolizes glucose.
d. It is an alternative pathway to glycolysis.
Problem 5.18a
Reactions involved in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis constitute the _______.
a. citric acid cycle
b. Entner-Doudoroff pathway
c. Calvin-Benson cycle
d. pentose phosphate pathway
Problem 5.19a
The glycolysis pathway is basically _______.
a. catabolic
b. amphibolic
c. anabolic
d. cyclical
Problem 5.2a
For each of the phrases in questions 1–7, indicate the type of metabolism referred to, using the following choices:
a. anabolism only
b. both anabolism and catabolism (amphibolic)
c. catabolism only
Includes dehydration synthesis reactions
Problem 5.20a
A major difference between anaerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation is _______.
a. in the use of oxygen
b. that the former requires breathing
c. that the latter uses organic molecules within the cell as final electron acceptors
d. that fermentation only produces alcohol
Problem 5.2a
Two ATP molecules are used to initiate glycolysis. Enzymes generate molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose that undergoes glycolysis. Thus, a net gain of _________ molecules of ATP is produced in glycolysis.
Problem 5.2a
Label the diagram below to indicate acetyl-CoA, electron transport chain, FADH2, fermentation, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, NADH, and respiration. Indicate the net number of molecules of ATP that could be synthesized at each stage during bacterial respiration of one molecule of glucose.
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Problem 5.2a
Why are enzymes necessary for anabolic reactions to occur in living organisms?
Problem 5.3a
For each of the phrases in questions 1–7, indicate the type of metabolism referred to, using the following choices:
a. anabolism only
b. both anabolism and catabolism (amphibolic)
c. catabolism only
Is exergonic
Problem 5.3a
The initial catabolism of glucose occurs by glycolysis and/or the ________ and ________pathways.
