Price et al. [(1999). J. Bacteriol. 181:2358–2362] conducted a genetic study of the toxin transport protein (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax in humans. Within the 2294-nucleotide gene in 26 strains they identified five point mutations—two missense and three synonyms—among different isolates. Necropsy samples from an anthrax outbreak in 1979 revealed a novel missense mutation and five unique nucleotide changes among ten victims. The authors concluded that these data indicate little or no horizontal transfer between different B. anthracis strains.
On what basis did the authors conclude that evidence of horizontal transfer is absent from their data?
Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
Chapter 15, Problem 5
Most mutations are thought to be deleterious. Why, then, is it reasonable to state that mutations are essential to the evolutionary process?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. They can occur due to various factors, including environmental influences or errors during DNA replication. While many mutations are harmful or neutral, some can confer advantageous traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproduction, playing a crucial role in evolution.
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Natural Selection
Natural selection is the process by which certain traits become more common in a population due to their advantageous effects on survival and reproduction. Organisms with beneficial mutations are more likely to survive and pass these traits to their offspring, leading to gradual changes in the population over generations, which is a fundamental mechanism of evolution.
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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the diversity in gene frequencies within a population. It is essential for evolution because it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Mutations contribute to genetic variation, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments and increasing their chances of survival in the long term.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
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Textbook Question
What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are spontaneous mutations rare?
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Textbook Question
Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism not necessarily result in a detectable phenotype?
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Textbook Question
Why is a random mutation more likely to be deleterious than beneficial?
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Textbook Question
Most mutations in a diploid organism are recessive. Why?
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Textbook Question
What is the difference between a silent mutation and a neutral mutation?
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