Ch. 15 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
Chapter 15, Problem 10
Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of deaminating agents, alkylating agents, and base analogs.
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Textbook Question
When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine for glycine, and valine for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in codons of the genetic code to produce these amino acid changes.
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Textbook Question
Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may lead to a mutation.
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Textbook Question
In studies of the amino acid sequence of wild-type and mutant forms of tryptophan synthetase in E. coli, the following changes have been observed:
Determine a set of triplet codes in which only a single-nucleotide change produces each amino acid change.
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Textbook Question
Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more detrimental than point mutations, in which a single pyrimidine or purine has been substituted?
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Textbook Question
Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV radiation?
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Textbook Question
DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and artificial agents elicits a wide variety of cellular responses involving numerous signaling pathways. In addition to the activation of DNA repair mechanisms, there can be activation of pathways leading to apoptosis (programmed cell death) and cell-cycle arrest. Why would apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest often be part of a cellular response to DNA damage?
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