Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
tRNA is a type of RNA molecule that plays a crucial role in translation by transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that pairs with a corresponding codon on the mRNA strand, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This process is essential for translating the genetic code into functional proteins.
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mRNA (Messenger RNA)
mRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation. It is transcribed from the DNA and contains codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides that specify which amino acids will be added to the protein. The sequence of codons in mRNA ultimately determines the structure and function of the resulting protein.
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Enzymes in Transcription and Translation
Several key enzymes are involved in transcription and translation. During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template. In translation, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules, while peptidyl transferase, part of the ribosome, catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. These enzymes are vital for ensuring accurate and efficient protein synthesis.
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