Match the following choices to questions 1–4:

a. innate resistance

b. naturally acquired active immunity

c. naturally acquired passive immunity

d. artificially acquired active immunity

e. artificially acquired passive immunity

The type of protection provided by the injection of diphtheria toxoid.

Match the following choices to questions 1–4:

a. innate resistance

b. naturally acquired active immunity

c. naturally acquired passive immunity

d. artificially acquired active immunity

e. artificially acquired passive immunity

The type of protection provided by the injection of diphtheria toxoid.

Patients with Chédiak-Higashi syndrome suffer from various types of cancer. These patients are most likely lacking which of the following?

a. Treg cells

b. TH1 cells

c. B cells

d. NK cells

e. TH2 cells

Contrast the terms in the following pairs:

a. innate and adaptive immunity

b. humoral and cellular immunity

c. active and passive immunity

d. TH1 and TH2 cells

e. natural and artificial immunity

f. T-dependent and T-independent antigens

g. immunoglobulin and TCR

Match the following choices to questions 1–4:

a. innate resistance

b. naturally acquired active immunity

c. naturally acquired passive immunity

d. artificially acquired active immunity

e. artificially acquired passive immunity

The type of protection resulting from recovery from an infection.

What does MHC stand for? What is the function of MHC? What types of T cells interact with MHC class I? With MHC class II?

Match the following choices to questions 1–4:

a. innate resistance

b. naturally acquired active immunity

c. naturally acquired passive immunity

d. artificially acquired active immunity

e. artificially acquired passive immunity

The type of protection resulting from recovery from an infection.

DRAW IT Label the heavy chains, light chains, and variable and Fc regions of this typical antibody. Indicate where the antibody binds to antigen. Sketch an IgM antibody.

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Match the following choices to questions 1–4:

a. innate resistance

b. naturally acquired active immunity

c. naturally acquired passive immunity

d. artificially acquired active immunity

e. artificially acquired passive immunity

A newborn’s immunity to yellow fever.

Diagram the roles that T cells and B cells play in immunity.

Explain a function for the following types of cells: CTL, TH, and Treg. What is a cytokine?

Match the following choices to the statements in questions 5–7:

a. IgA

b. IgD

c. IgE

d. IgG

e. IgM

Antibodies that protect the fetus and newborn.

DRAW IT

a. In the following graph, at time A the host was injected with tetanus toxoid. Show the response to a booster dose at time B.

b. Draw the antibody response of this same individual to exposure to a new antigen at time B.

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Match the following choices to the statements in questions 5–7:

a. IgA

b. IgD

c. IgE

d. IgG

e. IgM

The first antibodies synthesized; especially effective against microorganisms.

How would each of the following prevent infection?

a. antibodies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae fimbriae

b. antibodies against host cell mannose

Match the following choices to the statements in questions 5–7:

a. IgA

b. IgD

c. IgE

d. IgG

e. IgM

Antibodies that are bound to mast cells and involved in allergic reactions.

Explain why a person who recovers from a disease can attend others with the disease without fear of contracting it.

Put the following in the correct sequence to elicit an antibody response: (1) TH cell produces cytokines; (2) B cell contacts antigen; (3) antigen fragment goes to surface of the B cell; (4) TH recognizes antigen fragment and MHC; (5) B cell proliferates.

a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

c. 3, 4, 5, 1, 2

d. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

e. 4, 5, 3, 1, 2

A kidney-transplant patient experienced a cytotoxic rejection of the new kidney. Place the following in order for that rejection: (1) apoptosis occurs; (2) CD8⁺ T cell becomes CTL; (3) granzymes released; (4) MHC class I activates CD8⁺ T cell; (5) perforin released.

a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

b. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

c. 4, 2, 5, 3, 1

d. 3, 4, 5, 1, 2

e. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5

NAME IT A purified protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is injected into a person’s skin. A hardened, red area develops around the injection site within 3 days.

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 and 2:

a. hemolysis

b. hemagglutination

c. hemagglutination inhibition

d. no hemolysis

e. precipitin ring forms

Patient’s serum, influenza virus, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza?

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 and 2:

a. hemolysis

b. hemagglutination

c. hemagglutination inhibition

d. no hemolysis

e. precipitin ring forms

Patient’s serum, Chlamydia, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against Chlamydia?

The examples in questions 1 and 2 are

a. direct tests.

b. indirect tests.

How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

Explain the effects of excess antigen and antibody on the precipitation reaction. How is the precipitin ring test different from an immunodiffusion test?

Use the following choices to answer questions 4 and 5:

a. anti-Brucella

b. Brucella

c. substrate for the enzyme

Which item is from the patient in an indirect ELISA test?

DRAW IT Label components of the direct and indirect ELISA tests in the following situations. Which test is direct? Which test provides definitive proof of disease?

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In an immunodiffusion test, a strip of filter paper containing diphtheria antitoxin is placed on a solid culture medium. Then bacteria are streaked perpendicular to the filter paper. If the bacteria are toxigenic,

a. the filter paper will turn red.

b. a line of antigen–antibody precipitate will form.

c. the cells will lyse.

d. the cells will fluoresce.

e. none of the above

How does the antigen in an agglutination reaction differ from that in a precipitation reaction?

Use the following choices to answer questions 7–9.

a. direct fluorescent antibody

b. indirect fluorescent antibody

c. rabies immune globulin

d. killed rabies virus

e. none of the above

Treatment given to a person bitten by a rabid bat.