Sphingomyelins - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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concept
Sphingomyelins Concept 1
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Now, before we can talk about fing myelins, we first need to talk about fingal lipids. Now, these are lipids that have a single scene backbone. We're gonna say a single scene itself is an 18 carbon amino alcohol. So some key characteristics of a single scene are carbons, one and three are analogous to Glycerol. So here you'll notice that uh we typically, when we talk about other types of fatty acids, we typically number from one down to three. Here, it's kind of um inverted on its head. So one starts here on the bottom and it moves up to three. We're gonna say carbons one and three are analogous to Glycerol. So they have ohs on those carbons. Next, we're gonna say that our amino group which is NH two is at carbon number two. So there's an NH two here. Then we're gonna say 15 carbons are attached to carbon three. So we have this long chain that comes out to 15 carbons because remember it's 18 carbons. We have 1 to 3 here and then the other 15. And then finally, we're gonna say we have a trans double bond at carbon number four with this information, that's how we're able to create this image of a typical single scene. So just remember when we're talking about single lipids, these are lipids that have a single scene backbone, single scene itself has these characteristics that make it unique.
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concept
Sphingomyelins Concept 2
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Now, sphingomyelin are phospholipids with a fingle scene backbone and one fatty acid. Here, we're gonna say phosphate and a choline head group form the head of the structure. We're gonna say one tail is the single scene chain and the other tail is a fatty acid attached to an amide bond. If we take a look here at our chart again, we're dealing with fatty acids. We're going to come down where we're dealing with our sting myelin. And we're going to say here, if we take a look at our single myelin, we're gonna say we have our single scene backbone here. Just this part here. We're gonna say that we have on carbon. Number one, this phosphate group. Remember we're dealing with a cline head. So that means that the oxygen of the phosphate group is connected to an ethyl. And remember, cole ch means that we have a nitrogen connected to ch 33 of them because nitrogen makes four bonds it's positively charged. And then remember we're making an amide bond here on carbon number two. So remember in a mind is where we have a carbon neal group connected directly to a nitrogen. Now, here, we're gonna say this is important that single myelins are primary structural components of the myelin sheath. So this is what we're talking about nerve fiber coding we'll talk about later on in terms of the myelin sheet when we talk about muscles. So right now, just keep that in mind, right? And these are the characteristics of a typical single myelin structure.
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example
Sphingomyelins Example 1
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For this example question, it says which one of the following statements about spinal myelins is incorrect here, the fatty acid at carbon two is attached through an amide linkage that there is true. So this can't be an answer. The backbone molecule in single myelins is single scene. That is also true. It's not glycerol like we've seen in other molecules. It's scene spring myelins are essential for the structural integrity of the myelin sheep. This is an important fact when it comes to our spino myelin. So this is also true. So odd one out is d let's see why that, why that is a single myelin has only one tail because it contains one fatty acid. So here we have a fatty acid chain at carbon number two, but it has more than one tail. It has also a hydrocarbon tail at carbon number three, but we have also the presence of that trans double bond. So here this statement is incorrect. So here the answer would be option D. This is the only incorrect statement out of the four given to us.
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example
Sphingomyelins Example 2
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In this video, we'll talk about drawing myelins. So drawing the single myelin requires recalling the structures of the single my or single sign and the fatty acids involved. Now here it says draw the structure of a single myelin that contains acid. Remember, lic acid represents an unsaturated fatty acid. Its standard notation or shorthand notation is 18 colon one, meaning that we have an 18 carbon fatty acid chain. One means we have one pie bond and with these unsaturated fatty acids with one pie bond, it's typically at carbon number nine where we first see it. All right. So now come down here, we're gonna say step one is draw the single scene backbone with a phosphate group at carbon number one. So here goes carbon number one and there is a phosphate group there. We're gonna say instead of NH two group at carbon number two, we're gonna write only NH So here there's gonna be an NH group right here and that's because we're going to attach something to that NH group. Step two, we're gonna extend the phosphate at carbon. Number one with the cla head group. Remember or not Cole C Choline head group. So remember, cle ch gives the clue on the groups attached to the nitrogen. So in cole, we have an ethyl group attached to the oxygen and then we have nitrogen. Cole ach nitrogen is connected to CH 33 of them because it's making four bonds, it's positively charged. And then coming down to step three, we're gonna draw the fatty ay group. So the fatty acid without the oh from the NH group at carbon number two. So here goes r a mind linkage or mind bond that's gonna be formed. So here remember OIC acid is an unsaturated fatty acid. Its standard or shorthand notation is 18 colon one. So we have 18 carbon. So we have 246824, six, 68 and they're gonna have 9, 1011, 1213, 1415, 1617, 18 carbon. So 24689, 1011, 1213, 1415, 1617, 18. Just to be sure, this would be the structure of our single myelin based on the information given to us. Within the example question, we have our amide bond on carbon number two. In terms of its NH group, we have our phosphate group as well as the cole head group on carbon number one. And of course, on carbon number three, we have our 15 carbon chain that's also containing a trans double bond. So this would be our final answer.
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Problem
Problem
Draw a sphingomyelin that contains palmitoleic acid.
A
B
C
D
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Problem
Problem
Which one of the following statements describes how sphingomyelins are similar to glycerophospholipids?
A
Sphingomyelins have the same number of fatty acids as glycerophospholipids.
B
Sphingomyelins and glycerophospholipids have the same linkage that holds the fatty acids.
C
Sphingomyelins and glycerophospholipids have phosphate with head groups.
D
Both can be classified as sphingolipids.
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Problem
Problem
Which one of the following statements is incorrect about triacylglycerols and phospholipids?
A
Triacylglycerols contain glycerol while phospholipids do not.
B
Phospholipids have a phosphate group attached at C3.
C
Phospholipids and triacylglycerols contain 2 and 3 fatty acids, respectively.
D
Due to polar head groups, phospholipids have a higher water solubility than triacylglycerols.