Ch. 14 - Translation and Proteins
Chapter 14, Problem 15
Refer to Figure 13.7 to respond to the following:
Shown here is a hypothetical viral mRNA sequence:
5'-AUGCAUACCUAUGAGACCCUUGGA-3'
Assuming that it could arise from overlapping genes, how many different polypeptide sequences can be produced? What are the sequences?
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Textbook Question
A short RNA molecule was isolated that demonstrated a hyperchromic shift (see Chapter 10), indicating secondary structure. Its sequence was determined to be
5'-AGGCGCCGACUCUACU-3'
If the molecule were a tRNA fragment containing a CGA anticodon, what would the corresponding codon be?
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Textbook Question
Individuals with phenylketonuria cannot convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. Why don't these individuals exhibit a deficiency of tyrosine?
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Textbook Question
Early detection and adherence to a strict dietary regimen have prevented much of the intellectual disability that used to occur in those with phenylketonuria (PKU). Affected individuals now often lead normal lives and have families. For various reasons, such individuals tend to adhere less rigorously to their diet as they get older. Predict the effect that mothers with PKU who neglect their diets might have on newborns.
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Textbook Question
Most proteins have more leucine than histidine residues, but more histidine than tryptophan residues. Correlate the number of codons for these three amino acids with this information.
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Textbook Question
The study of biochemical mutants in organisms such as Neurospora has demonstrated that some pathways are branched. The data shown in the following table illustrate the branched nature of the pathway resulting in the synthesis of thiamine:
Growth Supplement _
Mutation Minimal Medium Pyrimidine Thiazole Thiamine
thi-1 − − + +
thi-2 − + − +
thi-3 − − − +
Why don't the data support a linear pathway? Can you postulate a pathway for the synthesis of thiamine in Neurospora?
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Textbook Question
Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme concept is not considered totally accurate today.
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