Chapter 39, Problem 5
Compare and contrast the types of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals. Identify which type can be excreted with the least water, which is most toxic, and which waste is excreted by bony fishes, by mammals, and by insects. Which type would you expect to be produced by embryos inside eggs laid on land?
Video transcript
Which of the following organisms would lose the most water by osmosis across its gills? a. marine bony fish b. shark c. freshwater fish d. freshwater invertebrate
What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the nephron? a. It increases water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. b. It decreases water permeability of the descending limb of the loop of Henle. c. It increases water permeability of the collecting duct. d. It decreases water permeability of the collecting duct.
Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in which water from urine is reabsorbed into the bloodstream is the .
The chloride cells of fish gills have a high density of mitochondria. How does this characteristic relate to the functional role of chloride cells? Would you expect other epithelial cells involved in ion transport to contain large numbers of mitochondria? Explain.
Explain why mammals would not be able to produce concentrated urine if their nephrons lacked loops of Henle.
Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates tend to be osmoconformers, while freshwater invertebrates tend to be osmoregulators. Suggest an explanation for this phenomenon.