Which of these functional groups is known to be used for storing large amounts of chemical energy? a. amino group b. carbonyl group c. phosphate group d. sulfhydryl group

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the question. The question is asking which functional group is known for storing large amounts of chemical energy.
2. Step 2: Recall what a functional group is. A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for a characteristic of that molecule. Different functional groups will have different properties.
3. Step 3: Review the options. The options given are amino group, carbonyl group, phosphate group, and sulfhydryl group.
4. Step 4: Recall the properties of each functional group. Amino groups are involved in protein structure, carbonyl groups are involved in carbohydrate and lipid structure, sulfhydryl groups are involved in protein structure, and phosphate groups are involved in energy transfer.
5. Step 5: Choose the correct answer. The phosphate group is known for storing large amounts of chemical energy, as seen in molecules like ATP (adenosine triphosphate). So, the correct answer is (c) phosphate group.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. They determine the properties and reactivity of organic compounds. Common functional groups include hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups, each playing distinct roles in biological processes.

Phosphate Group

The phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, one of which is double-bonded. It is a key component of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and plays a crucial role in energy transfer through molecules like ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which stores and releases energy for cellular processes.

Chemical Energy Storage

Chemical energy storage refers to the way in which energy is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. In biological systems, molecules like carbohydrates and lipids store significant amounts of energy, which can be released during metabolic processes. The phosphate group, particularly in ATP, is vital for energy transfer and storage in cells.