Chapter 11, Problem 8
What is the significance of the observation that many signal transduction pathways create a network, where they intersect or overlap?
Video transcript
What does it mean to say that a signal is transduced? a. The signaling molecule enters the cell directly and elicits a cellular response. b. The signal is generated by the production of proteins. c. The physical form of the signal changes between the outside of the cell and the inside. d. The signal is amplified.
Summarize the experimental evidence in sponges showing that animal cells adhere to each other selectively. Explain the molecular basis of selective adhesion.
Suppose you were to model amplification by the phosphorylation cascade in Figure 11.16, using a penny for each kinase 1, a nickel for each kinase 2, and a dime for each kinase 3. Also suppose that Ras and each of the kinases can activate 10 proteins. How much money would you need to construct your model?
Steroid hormones, like most lipid-soluble signaling molecules, are processed directly. How does the absence of a signal transduction cascade in the processing of steroid hormones affect (a) signal amplification?
Steroid hormones, like most lipid-soluble signaling molecules, are processed directly. How does the absence of a signal transduction cascade in the processing of steroid hormones affect (b) signal regulation?
Steroid hormones, like most lipid-soluble signaling molecules, are processed directly. How does the absence of a signal transduction cascade in the processing of steroid hormones affect the cellular response that is possible?